{"id":825,"date":"2019-01-28T10:15:31","date_gmt":"2019-01-28T10:15:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.med.muni.cz\/histology\/ofiz\/?page_id=825"},"modified":"2026-05-14T07:56:39","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T07:56:39","slug":"statni-zaverecna-zkouska-mgr","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ueb1.sci.muni.cz\/ofiz\/vyuka\/informace-pro-studenty\/magisterske-studium\/statni-zaverecna-zkouska-mgr\/","title":{"rendered":"Okruhy ot\u00e1zek k magistersk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed zkou\u0161ce"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4><strong>Pokyny ke st\u00e1tn\u00ed magistersk\u00e9 zkou\u0161ce:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_6af216-4d > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_6af216-4d > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_6af216-4d > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_6af216-4d > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_6af216-4d > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_6af216-4d > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_6af216-4d alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_7e8848-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_7e8848-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_7e8848-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_7e8848-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_7e8848-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_7e8848-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_7e8848-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_7e8848-53{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_7e8848-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_7e8848-53 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_7e8848-53 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u0159ed zkou\u0161kou si vylosujete jeden z okruh\u016f prvn\u00edho st\u00e1tnicov\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu Va\u0161\u00ed specializace (tj. <em>Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed fyziologie nebo V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 a srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed imunologie nebo V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 biologie<\/em>). \u010clenov\u00e9 komise V\u00e1m k n\u011bmu zadaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed okruhy z navazuj\u00edc\u00edch 3 p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f SZZ. V\u0161echny okruhy jsou vyps\u00e1ny n\u00ed\u017ee. Potom budete m\u00edt cca 20 minut na p\u0159\u00edpravu a ve zhruba 60minutov\u00e9m bloku budete o t\u00e9matech hovo\u0159it a odpov\u00eddat na ot\u00e1zky zkou\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edch. U\u017e p\u0159i dom\u00e1c\u00ed p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b na SZZ si proto m\u016f\u017eete sami zkusit strukturovat sv\u016fj v\u00fdklad a okruhy logicky propojovat. Zkou\u0161ej\u00edc\u00ed ale mohou zadat k vylosovan\u00e9mu okruhu dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zky voln\u011b.<\/h5>\n<h5>P\u0159i v\u00fdkladu se sna\u017ete postupovat od obecn\u00fdch v\u011bc\u00ed ke konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm a nep\u0159eskakovat. Pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed zn\u00e1mky A bude pot\u0159eba p\u0159edn\u00e9st:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_31c0d0-15 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<h5><strong>St\u00e1tnicov\u00e9 okruhy jsou rozd\u011bleny podle magistersk\u00fdch specializac\u00ed:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><a href=\"#FYZIOLOGIE-ZIVOCICHU\">Fyziologie \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f<\/a><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><a href=\"#IMUNOLOGIE\">Imunologie<\/a><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<h5><strong><a href=\"#VYVOJOVA-BIOLOGIE\">V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 biologie<\/a><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Okruhy ot\u00e1zek k magistersk\u00fdm st\u00e1tnic\u00edm studijn\u00edho sm\u011bru \u201cU\u010ditelstv\u00ed biologie\u201d najdete na webu garan\u010dn\u00edho pracovi\u0161t\u011b \u00dastav botaniky a zoologie.<br><\/em><\/p>\n<hr>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h5>Strukturovan\u00e9, \u00fapln\u00e9, p\u0159esn\u00e9 a samostatn\u00e9 pod\u00e1n\u00ed probl\u00e9mu v celku i detailech. Na v\u0161echny dotazy p\u0159esn\u011b odpov\u00edte. Nebudete pot\u0159ebovat v\u0161echny detaily jako p\u0159i d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch zkou\u0161k\u00e1ch Va\u0161eho p\u0159edchoz\u00edho studia. Zn\u00e1mka F znamen\u00e1, \u017ee nejste schopni spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho p\u0159edstaven\u00ed probl\u00e9mu ani obecn\u011b, ani v detailech.<\/h5>\n<h5>V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed Va\u0161ich znalost\u00ed bude sest\u00e1vat ze 4 zn\u00e1mek odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edch 4 v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdm p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016fm SZZ. Ve v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mce je zohledn\u011bna je\u0161t\u011b zn\u00e1mka za obhajobu DP. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ne\u00fasp\u011bchu (zn\u00e1mka F) budete p\u0159i dal\u0161\u00edm pokusu opakovat jen p\u0159edm\u011bt(y) klasifikovan\u00e9 F.<\/h5>\n\n\n<hr>\n<h2>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><a id=\"FYZIOLOGIE-ZIVOCICHU\"><\/a>Specializace: Fyziologie \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h5><strong>SROVN\u00c1VAC\u00cd FYZIOLOGIE<br \/><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi3030 Fyziologie \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi7630 Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed fyziologie bezobratl\u00fdch, Bi4099 Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed fyziologie obratlovc\u016f, Bi6728 Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed fyziologie krve<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Dopln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Bi1100 Mechanismy hormon\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, Bi3080 Neurofyziologie smysl\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_b7a0e3-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_b7a0e3-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_b7a0e3-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_b7a0e3-51 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_b7a0e3-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_b7a0e3-51 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_b7a0e3-51 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_b1d794-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_b1d794-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_b1d794-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_b1d794-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_b1d794-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_b1d794-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_b1d794-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_b1d794-57{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_b1d794-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_b1d794-57 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_b1d794-57 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Homeost\u00e1za, adaptace, regulace. <\/strong>Ot\u00e1zky velikosti t\u011bla. V\u00fdznam homeostatick\u00e9 regulace, volba strategie, vlivy prost\u0159ed\u00ed, regula\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m zp\u011btn\u00e9 vazby. Glyk\u00e9mie a krevn\u00ed tlak jako p\u0159\u00edklady regulace. Alometrie a vztahy mezi hmotnost\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00edmi d\u011bji.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 fyziologie.<\/strong> Transport, potenci\u00e1ly. Typy iontov\u00e9ho transportu, kan\u00e1ly, pumpy, klidov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l, vzru\u0161iv\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny, ak\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l a jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. Elektrick\u00e1 aktivita org\u00e1n\u016f a jej\u00ed m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Synapse.<\/strong> Stavba, funkce, medi\u00e1tory, receptory, potenci\u00e1ly, v\u00fdznam p\u0159i p\u0159enosu, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, elektrick\u00e9 synapse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Energetika \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, metabolizmus.<\/strong> Energetick\u00fd rozpo\u010det organismu, vztah k\u00a0velikosti t\u011bla, p\u0159em\u011bny l\u00e1tek a energi\u00ed, intermedi\u00e1rn\u00ed metabolismus sacharid\u016f, protein\u016f a lipid\u016f, transporty \u017eivin, biochemie aerobn\u00ed a aneaerobn\u00ed tvorby ATP, v klidu a n\u00e1maze, hypoxii, obezita, hladov\u011bn\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Term\u00e1ln\u00ed fyziologie.<\/strong> Termoregulace. Cesty tepla, vlivy teploty na bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 d\u011bje. Termoregula\u010dn\u00ed \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my t\u011bla. Vztah k velikosti t\u011bla, metabolismu. Tolerance, aklimatizace, Homoiotermie\/Poikilotermie. Adaptace na chlad, zmrznut\u00ed toleruj\u00edc\u00ed a netoleruj\u00edc\u00ed strategie, t\u0159esov\u00e1, net\u0159esov\u00e1 termogeneze. Adaptace na horko. Protiproud\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna. Klidov\u00e9 stavy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00fdch\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> Kysl\u00edk v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, org\u00e1ny respirace ve vod\u011b a na sou\u0161i, fylogeneze d\u00fdchac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, tracheje ve vod\u011b i na sou\u0161i, ventilace, recep\u010dn\u00ed, regula\u010dn\u00ed a v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, difuze, transport plyn\u016f v\u00a0t\u011ble, d\u00fdchac\u00ed pigmenty, Hypoxie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>T\u011bln\u00ed tekutiny.<\/strong> Typy, v\u00fdznam, slo\u017een\u00ed, funkce, fylogenetick\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Hemolymfa, plasmatick\u00e9 slo\u017eky, hemocyty. Hematologie t\u0159\u00edd obratlovc\u016f. Hemopo\u00e9za, typy krvinek, komunikace. Hemokoagulace. Acidobazick\u00e1 regulace. Krevn\u00ed plasma (slo\u017een\u00ed, funkce nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch komponent); \u010derven\u00e9 krvinky (funkce), hemoglobin; lymfatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m; krevn\u00ed desti\u010dky; hemokoagulace (jednotliv\u00e9 faktory, vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koagula\u010dn\u00ed kask\u00e1da, poruchy koagulace, terapeutick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f.<\/strong> Imunita ve fylogenezi, n\u00e1stroje specifick\u00e9\/nespecifick\u00e9 imunity, imunita l\u00e1tkov\u00e1\/bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1, Nodulace, enkapsulace. Typy, funkce a komunikace r\u016fzn\u00fdch imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk, antigen, protil\u00e1tka, z\u00e1n\u011bt, rozli\u0161en\u00ed ciz\u00ed\/vlastn\u00ed, MHC syst\u00e9m, krevn\u00ed skupiny.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/strong> V\u00fdznam, fylogenetick\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Otev\u0159en\u00e9\/uzav\u0159en\u00e9. Stavba srdce a c\u00e9v. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed aktivity srdce a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ob\u011bhu. Elektrick\u00e1 aktivita srdce. Krevn\u00ed tlak, kapil\u00e1rn\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bna, regulace c\u00e9vn\u00edho pr\u016ftoku, fet\u00e1ln\u00ed ob\u011bh, lymfatick\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Angiogeneze (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_eebe78-1e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_eebe78-1e inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vylu\u010dovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my, vodn\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed.<\/strong> \u00dalohy v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, fylogeneze, stavba a fce vylu\u010dovac\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f. Odpadn\u00ed dus\u00edk, tvorba a \u00faprava filtr\u00e1tu v\u00a0tubulu, protiproud\u00e1 v\u00fdm\u011bna, iontov\u00e9 a vodn\u00ed transporty, ledvina, Malpighick\u00e9 trubice. Regulace slo\u017een\u00ed a tvorby mo\u010di.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tr\u00e1vic\u00ed d\u011bje, vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> V\u00fdznam, stavba tr\u00e1vic\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, fylogenetick\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00dalohy odd\u00edl\u016f tr\u00e1vic\u00ed trubice a komunikace mezi nimi. Enzymy tr\u00e1vic\u00edch soustav. Tr\u00e1ven\u00ed a absorpce \u017eivin. J\u00e1tra, slinivka. Endosymbionti. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tr\u00e1vic\u00edch d\u011bj\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pokryv t\u011bla. <\/strong>V\u00fdznam, stavba, funkce, fylogenetick\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. K\u016f\u017ee, kutikula. Tvorba kutikuly hmyzu. Metabolismus, \u017el\u00e1zy, smyslov\u00e9 receptory, funkce, prokrven\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Skelet\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m a r\u016fst t\u011bla.<\/strong> V\u00fdznam, stavba skelet\u00e1ln\u00edch struktur, skelet v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, fylogenetick\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed skelet\u016f. \u00daloha sav\u010d\u00ed kosti v\u00a0motorice, imunit\u011b a metabolismu. R\u016fst kosti.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Svalov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, pohyb. <\/strong>V\u00fdznam a typy lokomoce v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch, fylogenetick\u00e9 srovn\u00e1n\u00ed. Ch\u016fze, let (hmyzu) a jejich \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, energetika. Myokard, svalovina hladk\u00e1, kostern\u00ed, vl\u00e1kna \u010derven\u00e1, b\u00edl\u00e1: stavba, funkce, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, rozd\u00edly mezi nimi. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed kontrakc\u00ed a elektro-mechanick\u00e9 sp\u0159a\u017een\u00ed. Energetika svalov\u00e9ho stahu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed &#8211; \u017el\u00e1zy.<\/strong> L\u00e1tkov\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed soustava ve fylogenezi. Osy \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u bezobratl\u00fdch i obratlovc\u016f. Typy a skupiny hormon\u016f. Mozek a perifern\u00ed endokrinn\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy hmyzu, obratlovc\u016f, \u010dlov\u011bka. Endokrinologie nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, tr\u00e1vic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, k\u016f\u017ee, srdce, ledvin, tukov\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, placenty, prsn\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u2013 \u00fakoly.<\/strong> \u00dakoly a specifika hormon\u00e1ln\u00edho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve fylogenezi. Endokrinn\u00ed regulace: homeost\u00e1zy \u017eivin a energetiky, homeost\u00e1zy l\u00e1tek, r\u016fstu, metamorf\u00f3zu, tr\u00e1ven\u00ed, imunity, stresov\u00e9 reakce, klidov\u00fdch stav\u016f a termoregulace, chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Menstrua\u010dn\u00ed cyklus samic savc\u016f a spermatogeneze. Feromony. Z\u00e1klady \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed cirkadi\u00e1nn\u00ed rytmicity t\u011bla.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nervov\u00e1 soustava a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/strong>Nervov\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed soustava, jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam a v\u00fdvoj ve fylogenezi. Stavba centr\u00e1ln\u00ed a perifern\u00ed NS obratlovc\u016f a hmyzu. V\u00fdvoj odd\u00edl\u016f mozku a jejich funkce. Vegetativn\u00ed NS. \u0158\u00edzen\u00ed motoriky. Neur\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1klady jednoduch\u00fdch prvk\u016f pam\u011bti a chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Smyslov\u00e1 fyziologie.<\/strong> \u00daloha exteroreceptor\u016f. Later\u00e1ln\u00ed inhibice, adaptace. Org\u00e1nov\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed podstata transdukce hmatu, sluchu, \u010dichu, chuti a zraku. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed sign\u00e1l\u016f v\u00a0mozku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c1 A TK\u00c1\u0147OV\u00c1 FYZIOLOGIE<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi1110 Biologie \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 bu\u0148ky<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi7070 Fyziologie bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dopln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Bi8870 Mechanismy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_478fb5-ab > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_478fb5-ab > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_478fb5-ab > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_478fb5-ab > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_478fb5-ab > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_478fb5-ab > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_478fb5-ab alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_3473df-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_3473df-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_3473df-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_3473df-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_3473df-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_3473df-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_3473df-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_3473df-3e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_3473df-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_3473df-3e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_3473df-3e inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny a jejich funkce<\/strong> &#8211; funkce, stavba a slo\u017een\u00ed biologick\u00fdch membr\u00e1n (membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 mikrodom\u00e9ny, asymetrie lipidov\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny, membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 proteiny, membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 kortex, transport p\u0159es lipidov\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny); vnitrobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd membr\u00e1nov\u00fd transport, endocyt\u00f3za, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 kompartmentalizace; p\u0159ehled specializovan\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organel \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 endoplazmatick\u00e9 retikulum, Golgiho apar\u00e1t, lysoz\u00f3my, peroxiz\u00f3m;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cytoskelet a jeho funkce <\/strong>&#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eky cytoskeletu (mikrofilamenta, intermedi\u00e1rn\u00ed filamenta, mikrotubuly) &#8211; jejich struktura, dynamika a funkce; p\u0159\u00edklady protein\u016f asociovan\u00fdch s mikrofilamenty a mikrotubuly a jejich funkce, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed motory \u2013 typy a funkce, centrozom a jeho cyklus, cilia \u2013 prim\u00e1rn\u00ed a pohybliv\u00e1. Pohyb bun\u011bk a p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed bun\u011bk k pohybu organismu: pohybliv\u00e1 cilia, mit\u00f3za v\u010d. funkce cytoskeletu v mit\u00f3ze, pohyb bu\u0148ky po substr\u00e1tu \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mechanismy a \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edc\u00ed se proteiny, svalov\u00fd stah z molekul\u00e1rn\u00edho pohledu \u2013 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u011b pruhovan\u00fd a hladk\u00fd sval;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro <\/strong>\u2013 p\u0159ehled struktury bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra a chromatinu; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy regulace genov\u00e9 exprese, komunikace mezi slo\u017ekami bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra a cytoplazmou \u2013 struktura a transport jadern\u00fdm p\u00f3rem; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed subjadern\u00e9 struktury \u2013 jad\u00e9rko a jeho funkce, synt\u00e9za riboz\u00f3m\u016f; variabilita bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kontakty bu\u0148ky s okol\u00edm <\/strong>\u2013 spoje bu\u0148ka-bu\u0148ka, kadheriny, epiteli\u00e1ln\u011b mesenchym\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159echod, adherentn\u00ed spoje, desmoz\u00f3my, t\u011bsn\u00e9 spoje, mezerov\u00e9 spoje, p\u0159echodn\u00e9 mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 spoje, mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 hmota \u2013 slo\u017een\u00ed a organizace,\u00a0 spojen\u00ed bu\u0148ka \u2013 matrix, integriny &#8211; struktura, aktivace, funkce;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd metabolismus<\/strong> &#8211; principy energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu; mitochondrie \u2013 jejich stavba, funkce a \u00faloha v metabolismu; adaptace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho metabolismu, metabolismus proliferuj\u00edc\u00edch a n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy kontroluj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd metabolismus; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 signalizace<\/strong> \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy sign\u00e1ln\u00ed transdukce: z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u011blen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 signalizace, pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba v\u010d. p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f, hlavn\u00ed biochemick\u00e9 mechanismy (fosforylace a v\u00fdm\u011bna GTP\/GDP) a jejich regulace, p\u0159ehled z\u00e1kladn\u00edch typ\u016f membr\u00e1nov\u00fdch receptor\u016f; druh\u00fd posel \u2013 principy a hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady; v\u00e1pn\u00edkov\u00e1 signalizace, mal\u00e9 GTP\u00e1zy;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pro regulaci fyziologick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed a imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi \u2013 receptory sp\u0159a\u017een\u00e9 s trimerick\u00fdmi G proteiny, receptorov\u00e9 tyrosin kin\u00e1zy, signalizace cytokin\u016f (JAK\/STAT, NFkB, receptory reguluj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou smrt);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/strong> \u2013 hlavn\u00ed sign\u00e1ln\u00ed kask\u00e1dy uplat\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se v homeost\u00e1ze a regeneraci tk\u00e1n\u00ed (Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, BMP\/TGF signalizace) a p\u0159\u00edklady jimi regulovan\u00fdch proces\u016f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy<\/strong> \u2013 odpov\u011b\u010f bun\u011bk na hypoxii, role VEGF, angiogeneze, detekce mechanick\u00fdch vliv\u016f (mechanosenzory, Hippo \u2013 Yap\/Taz),  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_a32614-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_a32614-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_a32614-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_a32614-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_a32614-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_a32614-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_a32614-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_a32614-bb{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_a32614-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_a32614-bb > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_a32614-bb inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd cyklus a regulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 proliferace<\/strong> &#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu; f\u00e1ze bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu; cykliny a cyklin-dependentn\u00ed kin\u00e1zy a jejich inhibitory; Rb protein; protein p53; restrik\u010dn\u00ed a kontroln\u00ed body; pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed regul\u00e1tory bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu &#8211; vnit\u0159n\u00ed, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, d\u016fsledky deregulace;  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 smrt a jej\u00ed formy \u2013<\/strong> z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy programovan\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti na \u00farovni bu\u0148ky a tk\u00e1n\u011b, formy \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 a ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti, vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dr\u00e1ha apopt\u00f3zy, mechanismy aktivace a inhibice bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti; kasp\u00e1zy a substr\u00e1ty kasp\u00e1z; d\u016fsledky deregulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 diferenciace<\/strong> \u2013 obecn\u00e9 principy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 diferenciace \u2013 progenitorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky vs. diferencovan\u00e9 bu\u0148ky; p\u0159\u00edklady termin\u00e1ln\u011b diferencovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 neutrofil, svalov\u00e1 bu\u0148ka, neuron; dediferenciace v\u00a0regeneraci tk\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159. hepatocyt;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a hierarchick\u00e1 organizace tk\u00e1n\u00ed <\/strong>\u2013 definice kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky \u2013 definice, p\u0159\u00edprava, vyu\u017eit\u00ed; indukovan\u00e9 pluripotentn\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, nika kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>St\u0159evn\u00ed epitel<\/strong> jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad rychle se obnovuj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 populace, homeost\u00e1za st\u0159evn\u00ed krypty; pomalu a rychle se obnovuj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 populace, organoidy, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy regenerace tk\u00e1n\u00ed; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prostata a prsn\u00ed epitel jako p\u0159\u00edklady endokrinn\u011b regulovan\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>; funkce, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 architektura, zm\u011bny prsn\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy spojen\u00e9 s v\u011bkem, liniov\u00e1 hierarchie, endokrinn\u00ed regulace\/signalizace;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>K\u016f\u017ee, jej\u00ed obnova a regenerace<\/strong>; funkce, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 architektura, ko\u017en\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy, hojen\u00ed r\u00e1ny a regenerace k\u016f\u017ee;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Krvetvorba <\/strong>&#8211; syst\u00e9m krevn\u00edch bun\u011bk a krvetvorn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny; funkce krve, principy diferenciace krevn\u00edch bun\u011bk, hematopoetick\u00e1 kmenov\u00e1 bu\u0148ka a jej\u00ed nika, cytokiny a sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy reguluj\u00edc\u00ed hematopo\u00e9zu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>J\u00e1tra a slinivka<\/strong> \u2013 v\u00fdvoj a architektura jater; jatern\u00ed lal\u016f\u010dek a jeho stavba, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 typy jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b; j\u00e1tra jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad tk\u00e1n\u011b regeneruj\u00edc\u00ed z diferencovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk; jatern\u00ed zonace, metabolismus; stavba slinivky, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 typy a jejich funkce; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pl\u00edce a d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty<\/strong> \u2013 stavba d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a plic; principy v\u00fdvoje d\u00fdchac\u00edho apar\u00e1tu (savc\u016f); typy epiteli\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011bk v d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest\u00e1ch a plicn\u00edch skl\u00edpc\u00edch; regenerace d\u00fdchac\u00edho epitelu; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Homeost\u00e1za, zdrav\u00ed, nemoc<\/strong> \u2013 organismus jako hierarchick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, spolup\u016fsoben\u00ed nervov\u00e9 a endokrinn\u00ed soustavy \u2013 p\u0159\u00edklady ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch populac\u00ed, intermedi\u00e1rn\u00ed metabolismus a jeho jednotliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky \u2013 jejich \u00faloha v regulaci bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch populac\u00ed; stress;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>PATOBIOLOGIE TK\u00c1N\u00cd A ORG\u00c1N\u016e<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi8200 Mikroskopick\u00e1 anatomie obratlovc\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi1120 Fyziologie a patofyziologie tk\u00e1n\u00ed a org\u00e1n\u016f, Bi8110 Mechanismy karcinogeneze<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dopln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Bi6726 Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed toxikologie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_5ae0ea-9c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_5ae0ea-9c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_5ae0ea-9c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_5ae0ea-9c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_5ae0ea-9c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_5ae0ea-9c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_5ae0ea-9c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_80c217-85 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_80c217-85 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_80c217-85 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_80c217-85 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_80c217-85 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_80c217-85 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_80c217-85 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_80c217-85{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_80c217-85 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_80c217-85 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_80c217-85 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed patologick\u00e9 pojmy a patofyziologie bu\u0148ky.<\/strong> Symptom vs. syndrom, progrese, progn\u00f3za, p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vzniku chorob, st\u00e1dia bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi na stres, mechanizmy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed (reverzibiln\u00ed, ireverzibiln\u00ed), alterace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 morfologie a funkce za patologick\u00fdch stav\u016f (atrofie, hypertrofie, hyperplazie, dysplazie, metaplazie) a jejich p\u0159\u00edklady v r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech tk\u00e1n\u00edch, typy nekr\u00f3z a jejich p\u0159\u00edklady, odpov\u011b\u010f bu\u0148ky na po\u0161kozen\u00ed (mitochondrie, membr\u00e1ny, j\u00e1dro,..), akumulace metabolit\u016f (intra a extracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Skelet\u00e1ln\u00ed a svalov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. <\/strong>Struktura a typy kostn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, skeletogeneze, p\u0159\u00edklady v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch defekt\u016f postihuj\u00edc\u00edch skelet, regulace r\u016fstu a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny poruch r\u016fstu (proporcion\u00e1ln\u00ed a disproporcion\u00e1ln\u00ed), remodelace kostn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, fraktura kosti a st\u00e1dia hojen\u00ed zlomenin, metabolick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed kost\u00ed (osteopor\u00f3za, osteomalacie, osteopetr\u00f3za), z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed kost\u00ed (osteomyelitida, artritidy, osteoartr\u00f3za). Struktura a funkce jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f svalov\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, fyziologie svalov\u00e9ho stahu u p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u011b pruhovan\u00e9 kostern\u00ed a hladk\u00e9 svaloviny, odpov\u011b\u010f svalu na podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, rigor mortis, myogeneze a p\u0159\u00edklady v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch poruch, regulace a funkce nervosvalov\u00e9 plot\u00e9nky, myasthenia gravis, funkce a p\u0159\u00edklady po\u0161kozen\u00ed svalov\u00e9ho v\u0159et\u00e9nka, svalov\u00fd tonus a turgor a jejich zm\u011bny, p\u0159\u00edklady odpov\u011bd\u00ed svalu na po\u0161kozen\u00ed (atrofie, hypertrofie, nekr\u00f3za), klasifikace svalov\u00fdch dystrofi\u00ed, myopatie, crush syndrom, tetanus<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/strong> Mikroskopick\u00e1 stavba c\u00e9v, funkce endotelu, patologick\u00e9 zm\u011bny c\u00e9v, vasculitis, aneurysma, ruptury arteri\u00ed, arterioskler\u00f3za a ateroskler\u00f3za, poruchy \u017eiln\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b, hypertenze, v\u00fdvoj c\u00e9vn\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 poruchy. Struktura a funkce srde\u010dn\u00ed svaloviny, kontrakce myokardu a poruchy srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu, morfologie a funkce interkal\u00e1rn\u00edho disku, v\u00fdvoj srdce a srde\u010dn\u00ed kongenit\u00e1ln\u00ed vady, adaptace srde\u010dn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b na z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, kardiomyopatie, myokarditis, ischemick\u00e1 choroba srde\u010dn\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m I<\/strong> \u2013 \u00fastn\u00ed dutina. Stavba a funkce struktur \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny (patro, jazyk, slinn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, zuby), patologie sliznice \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny (regresivn\u00ed zm\u011bny, poruchy cirkulace, stomatitis), v\u00fdvoj \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny a farynge\u00e1ln\u00edch oblouk\u016f v\u010detn\u011b vzniku souvisej\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch poruch (cheilopalatoschisis, brachygnathia, Edwards\u016fv syndrom, aglossia, ankyloglossia, oligodontia), chu\u0165ov\u00fd poh\u00e1rek a vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed chuti, mal\u00e9 a velk\u00e9 slinn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, st\u00e1dia sekrece slin a jejich regulace, poruchy tvorby slin (ptyalismus, xerostomie, sialoliti\u00e1za), z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (sialoadenitida, pulpitis, periodontitis), karies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m II<\/strong> \u2013 j\u00edcen, \u017ealudek, st\u0159evo. Funkce GIT, principy motility GIT, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dinnosti GIT. Struktura a funkce j\u00edcnu, v\u00fdvoj j\u00edcnu a jeho vrozen\u00e9 vady (ageneze, atr\u00e9zie, sten\u00f3za, duplikace), polyk\u00e1n\u00ed (f\u00e1ze, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed), patologie j\u00edcnu (poruchy polyk\u00e1n\u00ed, divertikulitida, obstrukce, Barrett\u016fv j\u00edcen, hi\u00e1tov\u00e1 hernie, j\u00edcnov\u00e9 varixy). Struktura a funkce \u017ealudku (typy bun\u011bk), v\u00fdvoj \u017ealudku a jeho vrozen\u00e9 vady (atr\u00e9zie, hypoplazie svaloviny, divertikly, vrozen\u00e1 dislokace), \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed peristaltiky a vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealudku, zvracen\u00ed, produkce \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edch \u0161\u0165\u00e1v, poruchy obnovy a diferenciace epitelov\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u017ealudku, gastritida, ulcerace. Struktura a funkce st\u0159eva (typy bun\u011bk), v\u00fdvoj st\u0159eva a jeho vrozen\u00e9 vady (atr\u00e9zie, diverticulum Meckeli, pupe\u010dn\u00ed hernie, situs inversus, rekt\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161t\u011ble), regulace vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin, poruchy regulace obnovy st\u0159evn\u00ed v\u00fdstelky, poruchy tr\u00e1ven\u00ed a vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravy (maldigesce, malabsorpce, Crohnova choroba, celiakie, diarea, obstipace, ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitida, divertikly)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gastrointestin\u00e1ln\u00ed syst\u00e9m III<\/strong> &#8211; j\u00e1tra a \u017elu\u010dn\u00edk, pankreas. struktura a funkce jater, jatern\u00ed lal\u016f\u010dek jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed jednotka jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b; jatern\u00ed zonace; vznik a v\u00fdvoj jater v\u00a0embryon\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdvoji vs. regenerace a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b v\u00a0dosp\u011blosti; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy patologi\u00ed \u2013 steat\u00f3za, cirh\u00f3za a fibr\u00f3za jater \u2013 molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed tato onemocn\u011bn\u00ed; p\u0159\u00edklady genetick\u00fdch poruch jatern\u00edch funkc\u00ed; \u017elu\u010dn\u00edk a jeho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed; struktura a funkce pankreatu; poruchy sekre\u010dn\u00edch funkc\u00ed pankreatu, diabetes, komplikace diabetu, sepse, \u0161ok, multiorg\u00e1nov\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00fdchac\u00ed syst\u00e9m <\/strong>\u2013 pr\u016fdu\u0161ky a plicn\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148. struktura a funkce d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a plic; p\u0159ehled z\u00e1kladn\u00edch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch typ\u016f d\u00fdchac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu \u2013 d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty vs. pl\u00edce; mo\u017enosti trval\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed a regenerace plicn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b; obstruk\u010dn\u00ed a restrik\u010dn\u00ed poruchy respirace \u2013 chronick\u00e1 obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc, chronick\u00e1 bronchitida, emfyz\u00e9m, apod., cystick\u00e1 fibr\u00f3za; vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed poruchy a \u010dinnost plic, pneumotorax<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vylu\u010dovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m. <\/strong>struktura a funkce ledviny a v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest mo\u010dov\u00fdch, filtrace prim\u00e1rn\u00ed mo\u010di a jej\u00ed regulace v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech nefronu, \u00faloha podocyt\u016f a mesangiocyt\u016f, v\u00fdvoj ledviny a v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest mo\u010dov\u00fdch a s\u00a0nimi souvisej\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 defekty (dystopick\u00e1 a podkovovit\u00e1 ledviny, oligomeganefronie, aplazie, hypoplazie a dysplazie ledviny, renkulizace, defekty ureteru a mo\u010dov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e), ren\u00e1ln\u00ed cysty a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny jejich vzniku, poruchy tvorby a vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u010di, selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin, ren\u00e1ln\u00ed nedostate\u010dnost, poruchy cirkulace krve, patologick\u00e9 l\u00e9ze glomerul\u016f a tubul\u016f, tubulointerstici\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ze (pyelonefritidy, interstici\u00e1ln\u00ed nefritidy), nemoci v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest mo\u010dov\u00fdch (poruchy cirkulace krve, z\u00e1n\u011bty mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest &#8211; ureteritis, urocystitis, urethritis), uroliti\u00e1za<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_e57844-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_e57844-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_e57844-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_e57844-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_e57844-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_e57844-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_e57844-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_e57844-9b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_e57844-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_e57844-9b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_e57844-9b inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Reproduk\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/strong> stavba a funkce varlete a v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest sam\u010d\u00edho pohlavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, \u00faloha Sertoliho a Leydigov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, hematotestikul\u00e1rn\u00ed bari\u00e9ra, regulace spermiogeneze a pohybu spermi\u00ed a negativn\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 je ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, v\u00fdvoj indiferentn\u00edch gon\u00e1d a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed diferenciace sam\u010d\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, descensus testium a jeho regulace, v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 anom\u00e1lie sam\u010d\u00edho pohlavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (kryptorchismus, ageneze a f\u00faze varlat, ektopie varlat, polyorchidie, cystick\u00e9 rete testis, testikul\u00e1rn\u00ed hypoplazie), patologie varlat (degenerace varlat, atrofie, kalcifikace, poruchy cirkulace krve, isch\u00e9mie, krv\u00e1ceniny, trombotizace, orchitis), struktura a funkce p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch \u017el\u00e1z (glandula vesicularis, glandula bulbourethralis, prostata), patologie \u017el\u00e1z (hyperplazie a hypertrofie, cysty, z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed). Stavba a funkce vaje\u010dn\u00edku a v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest sami\u010d\u00edho pohlavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, regulace folikulogeneze a oogeneze, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed diferenciace sami\u010d\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 defekty (ageneze vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, nadpo\u010detn\u00e9 vaje\u010dn\u00edky, hypoplazie vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, defekty deriv\u00e1t\u016f Mullerov\u00fdch v\u00fdvod\u016f), atr\u00e9zie folikul\u016f, folikul\u00e1rn\u00ed cysty, patologie vejcovodu (salpingitis, nepr\u016fchodnost vejcovod\u016f)\u00a0a d\u011blohy (dystopie d\u011blohy, hyperplazie endometria, endometritida, pyometra).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/strong> Stavba a funkce centr\u00e1ln\u00edho a perifern\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, typy a funkce bun\u011bk nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed bolesti (centr\u00e1ln\u00ed a perifern\u00ed bolest), baz\u00e1ln\u00ed ganglia a jejich poruchy, v\u00fdvoj nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (neurulace, regionalizace mozku) a p\u0159\u00edklady vrozen\u00fdch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch vad (spina bifida, meningok\u00e9la, meningoencefalok\u00e9la, anencefalus), sclerosis multiplex, dysestezie a parest\u00e9zie nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, isch\u00e9mie mozku, hematom, subarachnoid\u00e1ln\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed, intrakrani\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak, hydrocefalus a ed\u00e9m<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a znaky karcinogeneze<\/strong> &#8211; Mutace a genetick\u00e1 nestabilita, deregulace sign\u00e1ln\u00edch drah reguluj\u00edc\u00edch proliferaci a r\u016fst, neomezen\u00e1 replikace, odolnost k bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti, neoangiogeneze, invaze a metast\u00e1zov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00e1n\u011bt, p\u0159estavba energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu. Klasifikace n\u00e1dor\u016f (dle p\u016fvodu\/ typu tk\u00e1n\u011b, systematika, rozd\u011blen\u00ed, vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, benign\u00ed\/malign\u00ed)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy a jejich deregulace v pr\u016fb\u011bhu karcinogeneze<\/strong>   &#8211; Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, syst\u00e9my receptorov\u00fdch tyrozinkin\u00e1z, BMP\/TGF-beta signalizace<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Invaze, metast\u00e1zov\u00e1n\u00ed <\/strong> \u2013\u00a0 vznik metast\u00e1z, n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 cirkuluj\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ky, plasticita n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, definice n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch, jejich \u00faloha v rozvoji n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, heterogenit\u011b n\u00e1dor\u016f a rezistenci v\u016f\u010di terapii.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1n\u011bt, n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 mikroprost\u0159ed\u00ed a neoangiogeneze<\/strong> &#8211; chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt, rakovina jako nikdy nezhojen\u00e1 r\u00e1na, cytokiny, role mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 komunikace, n\u00e1dory krve a pankreatu jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modelov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edklady n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/strong> N\u00e1dory prostaty a prsu &#8211; molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed charakteristika, hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vislost, diagnostika, l\u00e9\u010dba, progn\u00f3za. N\u00e1dory kolonu a rekta (CRC) &#8211; genetick\u00e9 a epigenetick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady vzniku n\u00e1doru, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed charakteristika, deregulace kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch sign\u00e1ln\u00edch drah u CRC, klasifikace, v\u00fdvoj a l\u00e9\u010dba CRC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mutace a genetick\u00e1 nestabilita<\/strong> &#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed definice, protoonkogeny a onkogeny, n\u00e1dorov\u011b supresorov\u00e9 geny, mutace &#8211; definice, typy, p\u0159\u00edklady, mutace u n\u00e1dor\u016f,\u00a0 integrita genomu, imortalizace bun\u011bk (telomery, telomer\u00e1za) a jej\u00ed d\u016fsledky.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd cyklus a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 smrt u n\u00e1doru <\/strong>&#8211; defekty na r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch regulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu ve vztahu k v\u00fdvoji n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a jeho l\u00e9\u010db\u011b, deregulace sign\u00e1ln\u00edch drah bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti u n\u00e1dor\u016f, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady, interakce t\u011bchto drah, d\u016fsledky a vyu\u017eit\u00ed v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b n\u00e1dor\u016f; k\u016f\u017ee jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Epigenetika a n\u00e1dory<\/strong> &#8211; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed epigenetick\u00e9 mechanismy &#8211; metylace DNA, metylace a acetylace histon\u016f, microRNA, epigenom, epigenetick\u00e9 zm\u011bny u n\u00e1dor\u016f a jejich d\u016fsledky, epigenetika ve v\u00fdvoji a terapii n\u00e1dor\u016f, modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad &#8211; n\u00e1dory plic a epigenetika.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>P\u0159estavba energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu n\u00e1doru<\/strong> &#8211; metabolismus n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky \u2013 hlavn\u00ed metabolick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s norm\u00e1ln\u00edmi bu\u0148kami, metabolismus versus diagnostika a l\u00e9\u010dba n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, onkogenn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly versus metabolismus, hypoxie, metabolismus versus z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 procesy v n\u00e1doru; j\u00e1tra jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed vznik a rozvoj n\u00e1dor\u016f.<\/strong> \u017divotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00ed styl, V\u00fd\u017eiva \u2013 slo\u017eky potravy, lipidov\u00e9 slo\u017eky v\u00fd\u017eivy. \u00daloha lipid\u016f a zm\u011bny lipidov\u00e9ho metabolismu v karcinogenezi, vysoce nenasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny (VNMK) a n\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed: molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed mechanismy p\u016fsoben\u00ed VNMK, bun. membr\u00e1ny, metabolismus VNMK \u2013 eikosanoidy, NSAIDs, oxidativn\u00ed metabolismus, praktick\u00e9 aspekty \u2013 prevence,\u00a0 klinika. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy diagnostiky a protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby<\/strong> \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed modely pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdi n\u00e1doru na l\u00e9\u010dbu \u2013 jejich charakteristika a srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti terapie n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mechanismy p\u016fsoben\u00ed protin\u00e1dorov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div, prediktivn\u00ed markery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>METODY EXPERIMENT\u00c1LN\u00cd BIOLOGIE<br><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi5599 Metody aplikovan\u00e9 biochemie a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 biologie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi9393 Analytick\u00e1 cytometrie, Bi7665 Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 a tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 kultury, Bi6111 Behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed metody ve fyziologii<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_4b855f-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_4b855f-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_4b855f-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_4b855f-6c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_4b855f-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_4b855f-6c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_4b855f-6c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_9f5570-e4 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy pr\u016ftokov\u00e9 cytometrie a sortrov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong> Fluorescence a fluorochromy. Zdroje excitace, optick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a zp\u016fsoby detekce fluorescence. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a kompenzace sign\u00e1lu. Vizualizace a anal\u00fdza dat. Hmotnostn\u00ed cytometrie. Multispektr\u00e1ln\u00ed cytometrie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aplikace pr\u016ftokov\u00e9 cytometrie v klinick\u00e9 imunologii a hematologii.<\/strong> Monoklon\u00e1ln\u00ed a konjugovan\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky. Imunofenotypizace. Multibarevn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy. Funk\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdza imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anal\u00fdza bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu. DNA histogram.<\/strong> Anal\u00fdza synt\u00e9zy DNA \u2013 r\u016fzn\u00e9 principy. Multiparametrick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy. Fucci syst\u00e9m. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anal\u00fdza vit\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed pomoc\u00ed pr\u016ftokov\u00e9 cytometrie.<\/strong> Viabilita. Anal\u00fdza pH, v\u00e1pn\u00edkov\u00fdch iont\u016f, reaktivn\u00edch kysl\u00edkov\u00fdch skupin. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aplikace fluorescen\u010dn\u00edch protein\u016f v\u00a0analytick\u00e9 cytometrii.<\/strong> Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy aplikace fluorescen\u010dn\u00edch protein\u016f v\u00a0biologii. Sensory pro anal\u00fdzu bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu. Sensory pro detekci bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Metody detekce bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti pomoc\u00ed analytick\u00e9 cytometrie. <\/strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a mechanismy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti. Detekce na \u00farovni zm\u011bn bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny.\u00a0 Detekce aktivity kasp\u00e1z. Detekce zm\u011bn DNA. Detekce zm\u011bn funkce mitochondri\u00ed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Principy digit\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie. <\/strong>Fluorescen\u010dn\u00ed mikroskopie, konfok\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie, &#8220;temporally-resolved\u201d digit\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie, \u201ctime\/frequency-resolved\u201d digit\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Klinick\u00e9 a biologick\u00e9 aplikace digit\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie.<\/strong> Chromoz\u00f3mov\u00e1 a genov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza. Anal\u00fdza bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch kompartment a metabolismu (pH, ionty). Aplikace FRET a FRAP. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a p\u0159\u00edklady anal\u00fdzy obrazu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch kultur 1.<\/strong> P\u0159i studiu mechanism\u016f a princip\u016f: v\u00fdvoje bun\u011bk, tk\u00e1n\u00ed a org\u00e1n\u016f (proliferace, diferenciace, apopt\u00f3za, migrace,..).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_ea852d-fd > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_ea852d-fd inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch kultur 2.<\/strong> P\u0159i studiu mechanism\u016f a princip\u016f: komunikace mezi bu\u0148kami, tk\u00e1n\u011bmi, org\u00e1ny (cytokiny a r\u016fstov\u00e9 faktory, mal\u00e9 molekuly a metabolity,..).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch kultur 3.<\/strong> P\u0159i studiu mechanism\u016f a princip\u016f: p\u0159\u00ed\u010din poruch fyziologick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed (chyby v\u00a0metabolismu, transportu l\u00e1tek, p\u0159enosu vzruchu, aktivity iontov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 adheze, kontrakce, fagocyt\u00f3zy, atd\u2026)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch technik 1.<\/strong> P\u0159i studiu: \u00fa\u010dinnosti psychoaktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek, psychofarmak, sedativ, opi\u00e1t\u016f a analgetik, p\u0159i l\u00e9\u010db\u011b z\u00e1vislost\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch technik 2.<\/strong> P\u0159i studiu: vztahu parazit \u2013 hostitel, vlivu st\u0159evn\u00ed mikrobioty, orientace, pam\u011bti, cirkadi\u00e1nn\u00edch rytm\u016f a sp\u00e1nku.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vyu\u017eit\u00ed behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch technik 3. <\/strong>P\u0159i studiu: \u00fa\u010dinnosti repelent\u016f, biocid\u016f proti hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdm \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm, smyslov\u00fdch a kognitivn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed a ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed elektrick\u00e9 aktivity bun\u011bk, tk\u00e1n\u00ed a org\u00e1n\u016f<\/strong> (z\u00e1klady: in-cell recording, patch-clamp, voltage clamp, optogenetick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy, EKG).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1rode\u010dn\u00e9, kmenov\u00e9 a embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.<\/strong> Definice kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky \u2013 definice, p\u0159\u00edprava, vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Indukovan\u00e9 pluripotentn\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anal\u00fdza protein\u016f.<\/strong> Separa\u010dn\u00ed techniky, Western blotting. Proteomika (dvourozm\u011brn\u00e1 ELFO, hmotnostn\u00ed spektrometrie). Proteinov\u00e9 interakce. Modifikace protein\u016f, lokalizace protein\u016f, proteomika, manipulace exprese protein\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DNA a RNA.<\/strong> Izolace, separace, PCR techniky, pr\u00e1ce s plazmidy, transfekce eukaryotick\u00fdch bun\u011bk, Northern blotting, RT-PCR, microarrays, siRNA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_deb191-9e .kt-block-spacer{height:100px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_deb191-9e .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-_deb191-9e\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\" style=\"height:100px\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\" style=\"border-top-color:rgba(238, 238, 238, 1);border-top-width:1px;width:80%;border-top-style:solid\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a id=\"IMUNOLOGIE\"><\/a>Specializace: Imunologie<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>V\u00ddVOJOV\u00c1 A SROVN\u00c1VAC\u00cd IMUNOLOGIE<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi5220 Imunologie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi8250 V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 a srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed imunologie, Bi6728 Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed fyziologie krve<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dopln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Bi9350 Imunogenetika a imunogenomika<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_af66ca-a5 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_af66ca-a5 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_af66ca-a5 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_af66ca-a5 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_af66ca-a5 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_af66ca-a5 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_af66ca-a5 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_d9b7a1-1b inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. <\/strong>Obecn\u00e1 charakteristika IS. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pojmy (imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011b\u010f, antigen, protil\u00e1tka). Mechanismy nespecifick\u00e9 a specifick\u00e9 imunity (bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 a humor\u00e1ln\u00ed slo\u017eky). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anatomie imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. <\/strong>Lymfoidn\u00ed org\u00e1ny (prim\u00e1rn\u00ed, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed), lymfoidn\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148 a lymfatick\u00fd c\u00e9vn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Bu\u0148ky imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (mononukle\u00e1rn\u00ed a polymorfonukle\u00e1rn\u00ed fagocyt\u00e1rn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, lymfocyty). Slizni\u010dn\u00ed imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m.\u00a0 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Antigeny, hlavn\u00ed histokompatibiln\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/strong> Antigeny ve vztahu k\u00a0organismu a podle vztahu dvou organism\u016f. Vlastnosti antigen\u016f. Imunogen. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed antigen\u016f a jejich prezentace. Hlavn\u00ed histokompatibiln\u00ed syst\u00e9m \u2013 struktura a prezentace peptid\u016f, v\u00fdskyt (MHC I vs. MHC II), funkce, regulace exprese. Krevn\u00ed skupiny \u2013 d\u011blen\u00ed, v\u00fdznam, d\u011bdi\u010dnost.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protil\u00e1tky. <\/strong>Struktura, rozd\u011blen\u00ed a v\u00fdznam jednotliv\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd Ig. Vazba Ag (variabiln\u00ed a hypervariabiln\u00ed oblasti \u2013 alelick\u00e1 exkluze; afinita, avidita). Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed a sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed protil\u00e1tkov\u00e1 odpov\u011b\u010f. Monoklon\u00e1ln\u00ed protil\u00e1tky (hybridizace, humanizace, diagnostika a l\u00e9\u010dba).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mechanismy nespecifick\u00e9 imunity. <\/strong>Bari\u00e9ry, mikrobicidn\u00ed peptidy, nespecifick\u00e9 rozpozn\u00e1n\u00ed patogen\u016f a po\u0161kozen\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed. PRRs a PAMPs, DAMPs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cytokiny a jin\u00e9 solubiln\u00ed medi\u00e1tory imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi. <\/strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vlastnosti a funkce cytokin\u016f. Cytokiny v\u00a0regulaci z\u00e1n\u011btu, hematopo\u00e9zy, v\u00fdvoje T lymfocyt\u016f. D\u011blen\u00ed cytokin\u016f. Cytokinov\u00e9 receptory a intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed signalizace. Regulace odpov\u011bdi bun\u011bk na cytokin. \u00a0Leukotrieny, prostaglandiny, PAF &#8211; jejich p\u016fvod, struktura, \u00fa\u010dinek, mechanismus p\u016fsoben\u00ed &#8211; receptory, metabolismus a regulace).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1n\u011bt. <\/strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vzniku z\u00e1n\u011btu a pr\u016fb\u011bh z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 reakce (sign\u00e1ly k\u00a0rozvoji z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e9 reakce, doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bje, aktivovan\u00e9 syst\u00e9my). Medi\u00e1tory z\u00e1n\u011btu (cytokiny, lipidov\u00e9 medi\u00e1tory z\u00e1n\u011btu). Zapojen\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f bun\u011bk. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Komplement.<\/strong> Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed funkce komplementu. Nomenklatura protein\u016f komplementov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a produkt\u016f. Obecn\u00fd princip kask\u00e1dy komplementov\u00e9 aktivace a cesty aktivace komplementu. \u00da\u010dinky komplementu (u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 vs. \u0161kodliv\u00e9). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interakce mezi bu\u0148kami imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/strong> Adhezivn\u00ed molekuly, komplementov\u00e9 receptory, imunoreceptory (BCR, TCR, Fc receptory). Intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159enos sign\u00e1lu. Chemotaxe a adheze leukocyt\u016f, p\u0159estup leukocyt\u016f p\u0159es endotel.\u00a0 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fagocyty. <\/strong>Typy a funkce fagocyt\u016f a obecn\u011b bun\u011bk myeloidn\u00ed \u0159ady. Fagocyt\u00f3za podrobn\u011b. Dendritick\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a jejich funkce. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_bbc5be-cf inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lymfocyty.<\/strong> T-lymfocyty, B-lymfocyty, NK bu\u0148ky. Jej\u00edch v\u00fdvoj, diferenciace, mechanismus p\u016fsoben\u00ed. Receptory TCR a BCR, jejich interakce s antigeny, intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159enos sign\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imunoloick\u00e1 tolerance.<\/strong> Klon\u00e1ln\u00ed selekce, \u00fatlum, antigenn\u00ed paral\u00fdza.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protiinfek\u010dn\u00ed imunita v\u016f\u010di vir\u016fm. <\/strong>Infekce bu\u0148ky virem (p\u0159. HIV). Vrozen\u00e1 imunita.\u00a0 Specifick\u00e1 imunita. Mechanismy vir\u016f na p\u0159ekon\u00e1van\u00ed imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (antigenn\u00ed drift a shift, imunosuprese, latentn\u00ed formy). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protiinfek\u010dn\u00ed imunita v\u016f\u010di bakteri\u00edm a parazit\u016fm. <\/strong>\u00a0Pr\u016fb\u011bh bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed infekce (muk\u00f3zn\u00ed povrchy, aktivace imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi). Intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed infekce (mykobakterie). Mechanismy \u00faniku bakteri\u00ed p\u0159ed imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem (serotypy, rezistence, produkce protein\u016f, toxin\u016f). Extracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed vs. intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed paraziti. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imunomodulace.<\/strong> Vakcinace, stimul\u00e1tory a inhibitory imunity. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imunogenetika, imunogenom a jeho anal\u00fdza.<\/strong> Struktura imunogenomu, organizace, polymorfismus, evoluce, vznik diversity, selekce, p\u0159eskupov\u00e1n\u00ed gen\u016f, vztah k nemocem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imunita bezobratl\u00fdch mimo \u010dlenovc\u016f (houbovci, \u017eahavci, hl\u00edstice, p\u00e1snice, sum\u00fd\u0161ovci, krou\u017ekovci, m\u011bkk\u00fd\u0161i).<\/strong> Vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed bari\u00e9ry. Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 imunita (hemocyty, coelomocyty) \u2013 fagocytcyt\u00f3za, enkapsulace a nodulace, cytotoxick\u00e9 reakce, odvr\u017een\u00ed transplant\u00e1tu. Humor\u00e1ln\u00ed imunita (koagula\u010dn\u00ed kask\u00e1da, fenoloxid\u00e1zov\u00e1 kask\u00e1da, complement-like faktory). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imunita \u010dlenovc\u016f (kor\u00fd\u0161i, hmyz). <\/strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 imunita, humor\u00e1ln\u00ed imunita (komplement). Fagocyt\u00e1rn\u00ed org\u00e1n, tukov\u00e9 t\u011bl\u00edsko. Drosofila jako modelov\u00fd organismus \u2013 Toll a Imd dr\u00e1hy. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imunita obratlovc\u016f (ryby, oboj\u017eiveln\u00edci, plazi, pt\u00e1ci, savci). <\/strong>Lymfohematopoetick\u00e9 org\u00e1ny. Adaptivn\u00ed imunita \u2013 protil\u00e1tky. Imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m vybran\u00fdch savc\u016f. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obecn\u00e9 vlastnosti a funkce krve. <\/strong>Obecn\u00e9 vlastnosti krve, slo\u017een\u00ed krve \u2013 funkce nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch komponent. Hemopo\u00e9za (erytropo\u00e9za, lymfopo\u00e9za, granulopo\u00e9za, trombopo\u00e9za). Krevn\u00ed desti\u010dky a hemokoagulace (jednotliv\u00e9 faktory, vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed koagula\u010dn\u00ed kask\u00e1da). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c1 A TK\u00c1\u0147OV\u00c1 FYZIOLOGIE<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi1110 Biologie \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 bu\u0148ky<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi7070 Fyziologie bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dopln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Bi8870 Mechanismy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_6f56fa-df > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_6f56fa-df > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_6f56fa-df > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_6f56fa-df > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_6f56fa-df > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_6f56fa-df > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_6f56fa-df alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_e80efd-c6 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny a jejich funkce<\/strong> \u2013 funkce, stavba a slo\u017een\u00ed biologick\u00fdch membr\u00e1n (membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 mikrodom\u00e9ny, asymetrie lipidov\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny, membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 proteiny, membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 kortex, transport p\u0159es lipidov\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny); vnitrobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd membr\u00e1nov\u00fd transport, endocyt\u00f3za, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 kompartmentalizace; p\u0159ehled specializovan\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organel \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 endoplazmatick\u00e9 retikulum, Golgiho apar\u00e1t, lysoz\u00f3my, peroxiz\u00f3m;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cytoskelet a jeho funkce<\/strong> \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eky cytoskeletu (mikrofilamenta, intermedi\u00e1rn\u00ed filamenta, mikrotubuly) &#8211; jejich struktura, dynamika a funkce; p\u0159\u00edklady protein\u016f asociovan\u00fdch s mikrofilamenty a mikrotubuly a jejich funkce, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed motory \u2013 typy a funkce, centrozom a jeho cyklus, cilia \u2013 prim\u00e1rn\u00ed a pohybliv\u00e1. Pohyb bun\u011bk a p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed bun\u011bk k pohybu organismu: pohybliv\u00e1 cilia, mit\u00f3za v\u010d. funkce cytoskeletu v mit\u00f3ze, pohyb bu\u0148ky po substr\u00e1tu \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mechanismy a \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edc\u00ed se proteiny, svalov\u00fd stah z molekul\u00e1rn\u00edho pohledu \u2013 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u011b pruhovan\u00fd a hladk\u00fd sval;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro<\/strong> \u2013 p\u0159ehled struktury bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra a chromatinu; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy regulace genov\u00e9 exprese, komunikace mezi slo\u017ekami bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra a cytoplazmou \u2013 struktura a transport jadern\u00fdm p\u00f3rem; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed subjadern\u00e9 struktury \u2013 jad\u00e9rko a jeho funkce, synt\u00e9za riboz\u00f3m\u016f; variabilita bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kontakty bu\u0148ky s okol\u00edm <\/strong>\u2013 spoje bu\u0148ka-bu\u0148ka, kadheriny, epiteli\u00e1ln\u011b mesenchym\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159echod, adherentn\u00ed spoje, desmoz\u00f3my, t\u011bsn\u00e9 spoje, mezerov\u00e9 spoje, p\u0159echodn\u00e9 mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 spoje, mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 hmota \u2013 slo\u017een\u00ed a organizace, spojen\u00ed bu\u0148ka \u2013 matrix, integriny \u2013 struktura, aktivace, funkce;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd metabolismus <\/strong>\u2013 principy energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu; mitochondrie \u2013 jejich stavba, funkce a \u00faloha v metabolismu; adaptace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho metabolismu, metabolismus proliferuj\u00edc\u00edch a n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy kontroluj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd metabolismus; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 signalizace<\/strong> \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy sign\u00e1ln\u00ed transdukce: z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u011blen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 signalizace, pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba v\u010d. p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f, hlavn\u00ed biochemick\u00e9 mechanismy (fosforylace a v\u00fdm\u011bna GTP\/GDP) a jejich regulace, p\u0159ehled z\u00e1kladn\u00edch typ\u016f membr\u00e1nov\u00fdch receptor\u016f; druh\u00fd posel \u2013 principy a hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady; v\u00e1pn\u00edkov\u00e1 signalizace, mal\u00e9 GTP\u00e1zy;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>V\u00fdznamn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy <\/strong>\u2013 sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pro regulaci fyziologick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed a imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi \u2013 receptory sp\u0159a\u017een\u00e9 s trimerick\u00fdmi G proteiny, receptorov\u00e9 tyrosin kin\u00e1zy, signalizace cytokin\u016f (JAK\/STAT, NFkB, receptory reguluj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou smrt);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f<\/strong> \u2013 hlavn\u00ed sign\u00e1ln\u00ed kask\u00e1dy uplat\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se v homeost\u00e1ze a regeneraci tk\u00e1n\u00ed (Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, BMP\/TGF signalizace) a p\u0159\u00edklady jimi regulovan\u00fdch proces\u016f;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Regulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi vlivy<\/strong> \u2013 odpov\u011b\u010f bun\u011bk na hypoxii, role VEGF, angiogeneze, detekce mechanick\u00fdch vliv\u016f (mechanosenzory, Hippo \u2013 Yap\/Taz), <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_7ae4c9-41 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd cyklus a regulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 proliferace <\/strong>\u2013  z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu; f\u00e1ze bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu; cykliny  a cyklin-dependentn\u00ed kin\u00e1zy a jejich inhibitory; Rb protein; protein  p53; restrik\u010dn\u00ed a kontroln\u00ed body; pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed regul\u00e1tory  bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu \u2013 vnit\u0159n\u00ed, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, d\u016fsledky deregulace;  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 smrt a jej\u00ed formy<\/strong> \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy programovan\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti na \u00farovni bu\u0148ky a tk\u00e1n\u011b, formy \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 a ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti, vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dr\u00e1ha apopt\u00f3zy, mechanismy aktivace a inhibice bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti; kasp\u00e1zy a substr\u00e1ty kasp\u00e1z; d\u016fsledky deregulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 diferenciace<\/strong> \u2013 obecn\u00e9 principy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 diferenciace \u2013 progenitorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky vs. diferencovan\u00e9 bu\u0148ky; p\u0159\u00edklady termin\u00e1ln\u011b diferencovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 neutrofil, svalov\u00e1 bu\u0148ka, neuron; dediferenciace v\u00a0regeneraci tk\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159. hepatocyt;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky a hierarchick\u00e1 organizace tk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong> \u2013 definice kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky \u2013 definice, p\u0159\u00edprava, vyu\u017eit\u00ed; indukovan\u00e9 pluripotentn\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, nika kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>St\u0159evn\u00ed epitel jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad rychle se obnovuj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 populace<\/strong>, homeost\u00e1za st\u0159evn\u00ed krypty; pomalu a rychle se obnovuj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 populace, organoidy, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy regenerace tk\u00e1n\u00ed; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Prostata a prsn\u00ed epitel jako p\u0159\u00edklady endokrinn\u011b regulovan\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/strong>; funkce, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 architektura, zm\u011bny prsn\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy spojen\u00e9 s v\u011bkem, liniov\u00e1 hierarchie, endokrinn\u00ed regulace\/signalizace;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>K\u016f\u017ee, jej\u00ed obnova a regenerace<\/strong>; funkce, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 architektura, ko\u017en\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy, hojen\u00ed r\u00e1ny a regenerace k\u016f\u017ee;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Krvetvorba <\/strong>\u2013 syst\u00e9m krevn\u00edch bun\u011bk a krvetvorn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny; funkce krve, principy diferenciace krevn\u00edch bun\u011bk, hematopoetick\u00e1 kmenov\u00e1 bu\u0148ka a jej\u00ed nika, cytokiny a sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy reguluj\u00edc\u00ed hematopo\u00e9zu;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>J\u00e1tra a slinivka<\/strong> \u2013 v\u00fdvoj a architektura jater; jatern\u00ed lal\u016f\u010dek a jeho stavba, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 typy jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b; j\u00e1tra jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad tk\u00e1n\u011b regeneruj\u00edc\u00ed z diferencovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk; jatern\u00ed zonace, metabolismus; stavba slinivky, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 typy a jejich funkce; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pl\u00edce a d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty<\/strong> \u2013 stavba d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a plic; principy v\u00fdvoje d\u00fdchac\u00edho apar\u00e1tu (savc\u016f); typy epiteli\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011bk v d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest\u00e1ch a plicn\u00edch skl\u00edpc\u00edch; regenerace d\u00fdchac\u00edho epitelu; <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Homeost\u00e1za, zdrav\u00ed, nemoc<\/strong> \u2013 organismus jako hierarchick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, spolup\u016fsoben\u00ed nervov\u00e9 a endokrinn\u00ed soustavy \u2013 p\u0159\u00edklady ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch populac\u00ed, intermedi\u00e1rn\u00ed metabolismus a jeho jednotliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky \u2013 jejich \u00faloha v regulaci bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch populac\u00ed; stress;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>PATOBIOLOGIE IMUNITN\u00cdHO SYST\u00c9MU<br><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi8200 Mikroskopick\u00e1 anatomie obratlovc\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi1120 Fyziologie a patofyziologie tk\u00e1n\u00ed a org\u00e1n\u016f, Bi8110 Mechanismy karcinogeneze, Bi6727 Imunopatologie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dopln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Bi6726 Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed toxikologie, Bi9901 Voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly ve fyziologii \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, Bi9902 Fotobiologie, Bi6728 Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed fyziologie krve<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_310200-89 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_310200-89 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_310200-89 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_310200-89 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_310200-89 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_310200-89 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_310200-89 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_f7886b-8c > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_f7886b-8c inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed imunodeficience.<\/strong> Mutace jako hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina PID. D\u011blen\u00ed PID \u2013 humor\u00e1ln\u00ed, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 a kombinovan\u00e9, fagocyt\u00e1rn\u00ed, komplementov\u00e9; p\u0159\u00edklady, jej\u00edch v\u00fdskyt, patofyziologie, projevy, diagnostika a terapie.\u00a0 <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed imunodeficience. <\/strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny a mechanismy vzniku SID, p\u0159\u00edklady \u2013 poruchy lymfatick\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f, poruchy po\u010dtu a funkce perifern\u00edch leukocyt\u016f, ID v\u00a0d\u016fsledku metabolick\u00fdch chorob, malnutrice a hypovitamin\u00f3z, \u00faraz\u016f a operac\u00ed, vyvolan\u00e1 infek\u010dn\u00edmi \u010diniteli. Projevy a terapeutick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. <\/strong>Definice pojm\u016f autoimunita a autoprotil\u00e1tky. Navozovan\u00ed tolerance a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vzniku patologick\u00e9 autoreaktivity (genetick\u00e9 predispozice, pohlav\u00ed, deregulov\u00e1na apopt\u00f3za, infekce a vliv prost\u0159ed\u00ed). Vybran\u00e1 autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jejich podstata a l\u00e9\u010dba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hypersensitivita I.<\/strong> \u2013 IV. TYPU. Typy hypersenzitivn\u00edch reakc\u00ed. Alergie zprost\u0159edkovan\u00e1 IgE (I. typ), mo\u017en\u00e9 alergeny. Faktory, kter\u00e9 mohou ovliv\u0148ovat vznik alergick\u00e9 reakce. Hyposenzibiliza\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba. Anafylaktick\u00e1 reakce. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Transplanta\u010dn\u00ed imunologie.<\/strong> Typy transplantac\u00ed (auto-, alo-, xeno, syngenn\u00ed, ortotopick\u00e1, heterotopick\u00e1). Histokompatibilita \u2013 hlavn\u00ed a vedlej\u0161\u00ed antigeny a z\u00e1sady k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Specifika transplantac\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f. Mechanismus odvrhov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpu, hyperakutn\u00ed, akutn\u00ed a chronick\u00e1 rejekce. Reakce \u0161t\u011bpu proti hostiteli. Imunosupresivn\u00ed terapie. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00e1dorov\u00e1 imunologie: <\/strong>Antigeny specifick\u00e9 pro n\u00e1dory a asociovan\u00e9 s n\u00e1dory. Efektorov\u00e9 mechanismy protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 imunity. Protin\u00e1dorov\u00e1 imunoterapie. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>N\u00e1dorov\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed hematopoetick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu: <\/strong>Leuk\u00e9mie, lymfomy, z\u00e1sady protin\u00e1dorov\u00e9 imunoterapie. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reproduk\u010dn\u00ed imunologie.<\/strong> Embryo jako semialograft. Imunologick\u00e1 tolerance v\u00a0placent\u011b u \u010dlov\u011bka. Imunologick\u00e1 sterilita. Ontogenetick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interakce vybran\u00fdch infek\u010dn\u00edch \u010dinitel\u016f s imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. <\/strong>Herpetick\u00e9 viry, virus spalni\u010dek, ch\u0159ipkov\u00e9 viry, HIV. Helicobacter pylori, Borrelie, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imunotoxikologie:<\/strong> mechanismy a ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky xenobiotik, hodnocen\u00ed in vivo a in vitro imunotoxick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek. Klinick\u00e9 aspekty poruch imunity vyvolan\u00fdch l\u00e9ky a chemick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami z\u00a0prost\u0159ed\u00ed. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Vznik a fyziologie voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f. <\/strong>Co  jsou voln\u00e9 radik\u00e1ly. Vznik voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f (oxido-reduk\u010dn\u00ed reakce,  homolytick\u00e9 \u0161t\u011bpen\u00ed kovalentn\u00ed vazby) a v\u00fdznam iont\u016f p\u0159echodn\u00fdch kov\u016f.  Zdroje voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f endogenn\u00ed a exogenn\u00ed.\u00a0 Fyziologick\u00e9 funkce  voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f (mikrobicidn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky fagocyt\u016f, VR jako sign\u00e1ln\u00ed  molekuly, modifikace sign\u00e1ln\u00edch molekul). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_45a7a3-ad inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Obrana proti voln\u00fdm radik\u00e1l\u016fm.<\/strong> Definice antioxidantu. Rozd\u011blen\u00ed antioxidant\u016f a princip jej\u00edch fungov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 prim\u00e1rn\u00ed, sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed (kompartmentalizace, vychyt\u00e1va\u010de), terci\u00e1rn\u00ed (oprava po\u0161kozen\u00ed \u2013 mechanismy). Antioxida\u010dn\u00ed farmakologick\u00e1 intervence.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00daloha voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159i onemocn\u011bn\u00edch. <\/strong>Po\u0161kozen\u00ed biologicky d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch makromolekul \u2013 DNA (modifikace vedouc\u00ed k\u00a0mutac\u00edm), lipid\u016f (lipidov\u00e1 peroxidace), cukr\u016f (glykace a glykooxidace), protein\u016f \u2013 a jejich d\u016fsledky. Patologie voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f (neurodegenerativn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, oxida\u010dn\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed oka, patologie v\u00a0t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, st\u00e1rnut\u00ed, ateroskler\u00f3za). \u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fotost\u00e1rnut\u00ed a fototoxicita.<\/strong> K\u016f\u017ee a pigmentace. Efekt UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed na bu\u0148ky k\u016f\u017ee \u2013 fotochemick\u00e9 reakce (ROS, po\u0161kozen\u00ed makromolekul, indukce apopt\u00f3za), akutn\u00ed a chronick\u00e9 efekty (st\u00e1rnut\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee a fotokarcinogeneze). Reparace fotol\u00e9z\u00ed. Ochrana k\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ed p\u016fsoben\u00edm UV. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fotoalergie, fotoimunosuprese a fotomedic\u00edna. <\/strong>Subakutn\u00ed zm\u011bny k\u016f\u017ee po UV oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed \u2013 fotosensitivita. Fototoxick\u00e9 vs. fotoalergick\u00e9 reakce. Fotoimunosuprese \u2013 imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m v\u00a0k\u016f\u017ei. Diagnostika onemocn\u011bn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed sv\u011btla. Terapie zalo\u017een\u00e1 na p\u016fsoben\u00ed sv\u011btla \u2013 n\u00edzkov\u00fdkonn\u00e1 laserov\u00e1 terapie, helioterapie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mechanismy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti. <\/strong>Apopt\u00f3za \u2013 mechanismy indukce, vnit\u0159n\u00ed vs. vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed cesta apopt\u00f3zy, kasp\u00e1zy, pro-apoptick\u00e9 proteiny. Dal\u0161\u00ed typy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti \u2013 autofagie, nekr\u00f3za. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1n\u011bt, n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 mikroprost\u0159ed\u00ed a neoangiogeneze. <\/strong>V\u00fdznam z\u00e1n\u011btu pro karcinogenezi \u2013 n\u00e1dor jako nikdy se nehoj\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1na (r\u016fstov\u00e9 faktory, infiltrace imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk, mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 komunikace angiogeneze, po\u0161kozen\u00ed DNA ROS). \u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy karcinogeneze. <\/strong>Mutace a genetick\u00e1 nestabilita, deregulace sign\u00e1ln\u00edch drah reguluj\u00edc\u00edch proliferaci a r\u016fst, odolnost v\u016f\u010di bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti, invaze a metast\u00e1zov\u00e1n\u00ed. Typy karcinogen\u016f. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Obecn\u00e1 patofyziologie bu\u0148ky. <\/strong>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny po\u0161kozen\u00ed bun\u011bk (hypoxie, ischemie, fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, chemick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, mikroorganismy, imunitn\u00ed reakce, genetick\u00e9 vady, intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed akumulace slo\u017eek metabolismu) a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 adaptace na stres (hypertrofie, hyperplazie, atrofie, hypoplazie, metaplazie, dyplazie, neoplazie). Odpov\u011b\u010f bu\u0148ky na po\u0161kozen\u00ed (sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed produkce ATP, defekt permeability membr\u00e1n, ztr\u00e1ta homeost\u00e1zy Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Patofyziologie kardiovaskul\u00e1rn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. <\/strong>Mikroskopick\u00e1 stavba c\u00e9v, funkce endotelu, patologick\u00e9 zm\u011bny c\u00e9v (vasculitis, aneurysma, ruptury arteri\u00ed, arterioskler\u00f3za a ateroskler\u00f3za, poruchy \u017eiln\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b, hypertenze). Struktura a funkce srde\u010dn\u00ed svaloviny, kontrakce myokardu a poruchy srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu, morfologie a funkce interkal\u00e1rn\u00edho disku, adaptace srde\u010dn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b na z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, kardiomyopatie, myokarditis, ischemick\u00e1 choroba srde\u010dn\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>METODY EXPERIMENT\u00c1LN\u00cd BIOLOGIE<br><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi5599 Metody aplikovan\u00e9 biochemie a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 biologie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi9250 Speci\u00e1ln\u00ed imunologick\u00e9 metody, Bi9393 Analytick\u00e1 cytometrie, Bi7665 Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 a tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 kultury<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_a4bde4-28 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_a4bde4-28 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_a4bde4-28 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_a4bde4-28 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_a4bde4-28 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_a4bde4-28 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_a4bde4-28 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_e77bb7-12 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e1ce s bu\u0148kami IS<\/strong>. Pr\u00e1ce s\u00a0krv\u00ed. Izolace leukocyt\u016f. Stanoven\u00ed koncentrace a \u017eivotnosti bun\u011bk, morfologick\u00e1 charakteristika. Funk\u010dn\u00ed testy \u2013 povrchov\u00e9 nebo intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed znaky, testy fagocyt\u00e1rn\u00ed aktivity, testy aktivace lymfocyt\u016f, testy specifick\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 imunity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Metody stanoven\u00ed oxidativn\u00edho po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/strong> Metody detekce voln\u00fdch radik\u00e1l\u016f (kolorimetrick\u00e9, fluorescen\u010dn\u00ed, luminometrick\u00e9, p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 spot\u0159eba O<sub>2<\/sub>). M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed antioxida\u010dn\u00ed aktivity biologick\u00fdch tekutin. M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed po\u0161kozen\u00ed biologick\u00fdch makromolekul.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>S\u00e9rologick\u00e9 metody. <\/strong>Precipita\u010dn\u00ed k\u0159ivka, precipitace v\u00a0roztoku. Imunodifuzn\u00ed metody a imunoelektrofor\u00e9za. Elektrofor\u00e9za s\u00e9ra. Aglutina\u010dn\u00ed a hemaglutina\u010dn\u00ed metody (latex fixa\u010dn\u00ed test, Coombs\u016fv test, HIT). Komplementov\u00e9 metody (KFR).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Imunochemick\u00e9 metody. <\/strong>RIA (RAST test), FIA (detekce fluorescence), EIA (homogenn\u00ed a heterogenn\u00ed). ELISA (z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eky syst\u00e9mu ELISA, typy ELISA test\u016f, sestaven\u00ed vlastn\u00ed ELISA, optimalizace). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monoklon\u00e1ln\u00ed protil\u00e1tky. <\/strong>B lymfocyty a monoklon\u00e1ln\u00ed protil\u00e1tky. Hybridiza\u010dn\u00ed teorie p\u0159\u00edpravy monoklon\u00e1ln\u00edch protil\u00e1tek. Humanizace protil\u00e1tek. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed mAb v\u00a0praxi (transplantace, alergie, autoimunitn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, infek\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, n\u00e1dory). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Alergologick\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed.<\/strong> Diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det eozinofil\u016f, ko\u017en\u00ed testy. Stanoven\u00ed celkov\u00e9 hladiny IgE, stanoven\u00ed specifick\u00fdch IgE \u2013 ELISA, RAST, CAP Syst\u00e9m, AlaSTAT, IMMULITE. Expozi\u010dn\u00ed testy. Detekce uvoln\u011bn\u00ed medi\u00e1tor\u016f po expozici alergenu (histamin, trypt\u00e1za, CAST test, stanoven\u00ed ECP, BAT)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>HLA typizace.<\/strong> Serologick\u00e1 typizace HLA antigen\u016f \u2013 lymfocytotoxick\u00fd test. Molekul\u00e1rn\u011b genetick\u00e1 typizace HLA antigen\u016f pomoc\u00ed PCR. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stanoven\u00ed komplementu. <\/strong>Vy\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00e9 slo\u017eky komplementu. Vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed hemolytick\u00e9 aktivity komplementov\u00e9 kask\u00e1dy (CH50). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Luminometrick\u00e9 aplikace v\u00a0biologii a medic\u00edn\u011b.<\/strong> Detekce fagocyt\u00f3zy, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed antioxida\u010dn\u00ed kapacity t\u011bln\u00edch tekutin, m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ATP (hygiena pracovn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, biomasa ve vodn\u00fdch roztoc\u00edch, blastick\u00e1 transformace lymfocyt\u016f, reporter gene assay). Imunodiagnostika \u2013 chemiluminiscen\u010dn\u00ed zna\u010dky. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mikroskopie.<\/strong>  Fluorescen\u010dn\u00ed mikroskopie (FISH, FRAP, FRET), konfok\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie  (rozm\u00edtan\u00fd laserov\u00fd paprsek, rotuj\u00edc\u00ed Nipkowov kotou\u010d), digit\u00e1ln\u00ed  mikroskopie (rastrov\u00e9 vs. vektorov\u00e9 obrazy, vyu\u017eit\u00ed anal\u00fdzy obrazu).  Klinick\u00e9 a experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace digit\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie \u2013 chromoz\u00f3mov\u00e1 a  genov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza \u2013 anal\u00fdza bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch kompartment a metabolismu (pH,  ionty), aplikace FRET a FRAP). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_57dc30-b6 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Principy pr\u016ftokov\u00e9 cytometrie a sortrov\u00e1n\u00ed. <\/strong>Zdroj excitace, fluidika, optika a detekce fluorescence. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a kompenzace sign\u00e1lu, vizualizace a anal\u00fdza dat. V\u00edceparametrov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy. Biologick\u00e9 aplikace pr\u016ftokov\u00e9 cytometrie \u2013 anal\u00fdza bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho fenotypu, chromozom\u016f, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti. \u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aplikace pr\u016ftokov\u00e9 cytometrie v\u00a0charakterizaci a stanoven\u00ed funkce lymfocyt\u016f. <\/strong>Imunofenotypizace (povrchov\u00e9 markery, intracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed produkce cytokin\u016f) a funk\u010dn\u00ed testy (zm\u011bna exprese povrchov\u00fdch marker\u016f, blastick\u00e1 transformace\/ proliferace, stanoven\u00ed intracelul\u00e1rn\u00edch cytokin\u016f, stanoven\u00ed cytotoxicity) <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aplikace pr\u016ftokov\u00e9 cytometrie v\u00a0charakterizaci a stanoven\u00ed funkce fagocyt\u016f.<\/strong> Zm\u011bna exprese povrchov\u00fdch marker\u016f, mikrobicidn\u00ed aktivita (fagocyt\u00f3za, produkce reaktivn\u00edch metabolit\u016f kysl\u00edku). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bun\u011b\u010dn\u011b kultury.<\/strong> Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady pro provozov\u00e1n\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch kultur. Specifity v\u00a0kultivaci bun\u011bk bezobratl\u00fdch, poikilotermn\u00ed obratlovci, teplokrevn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9. Adherentn\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 linie a suspenzn\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 linie. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1rode\u010dn\u00e9, kmenov\u00e9 a embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky.<\/strong> Definice kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk. Embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky \u2013 definice, p\u0159\u00edprava, vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. Indukovan\u00e9 pluripotentn\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anal\u00fdza protein\u016f.<\/strong> Separa\u010dn\u00ed techniky, Western blotting. Proteomika (dvourozm\u011brn\u00e1 ELFO, hmotnostn\u00ed spektrometrie). Proteinov\u00e9 interakce. Modifikace protein\u016f, lokalizace protein\u016f, proteomika, manipulace exprese protein\u016f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DNA a RNA.<\/strong> Izolace, separace, PCR techniky, pr\u00e1ce s plazmidy, transfekce eukaryotick\u00fdch bun\u011bk, Northern blotting, RT-PCR, microarrays, siRNA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aplikace<em> in vivo<\/em> model\u016f v\u00a0imunologick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu. <\/strong>Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed modelov\u00e9 organismy, bezobratl\u00ed a poikilotermn\u00ed obratlovci, teplokrevn\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9, genetick\u00e9 manipulace se zv\u00ed\u0159aty.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anal\u00fdza lipid\u016f a sacharid\u016f.<\/strong> Separace lipid\u016f a sacharidov\u00fdch struktur, identifikace, HPLC techniky a modifikace, hmotnostn\u00ed spektrometrie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_3a402e-91 .kt-block-spacer{height:100px;}.wp-block-kadence-spacer.kt-block-spacer-_3a402e-91 .kt-divider{border-top-width:1px;height:1px;border-top-color:#eee;width:80%;border-top-style:solid;}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-spacer aligncenter kt-block-spacer-_3a402e-91\"><div class=\"kt-block-spacer kt-block-spacer-halign-center\" style=\"height:100px\"><hr class=\"kt-divider\" style=\"border-top-color:rgba(238, 238, 238, 1);border-top-width:1px;width:80%;border-top-style:solid\"\/><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><a id=\"VYVOJOVA-BIOLOGIE\"><\/a>Specializace: V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 biologie<br><\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>V\u00ddVOJOV\u00c1 BIOLOGIE<br><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi6140 Embryologie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi9903 V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 biologie \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, Bi8790 Molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed embryologie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dopln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Bi0580 V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 genetika, Bi6336 Biologie z\u00e1rode\u010dn\u00fdch bun\u011bk<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_97922f-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_97922f-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_97922f-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:minmax(0, calc(50% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)))minmax(0, calc(50% - ((var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem) * 1 )\/2)));}.kb-row-layout-id825_97922f-20 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_97922f-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_97922f-20 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_97922f-20 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_3e8c07-18 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>REGULACE DIFERENCIACE BUN\u011aK A ZACHOV\u00c1N\u00cd BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c9HO DIFERENCIA\u010cN\u00cdHO STATUSU:<\/strong> morfogeneze, klasifikace morfogenetick\u00fdch proces\u016f, morfogen \u2013 definice, p\u0159\u00edklady, hlavn\u00ed signaliza\u010dn\u00ed dr\u00e1hy \u2013 p\u0159\u00edklady jejich uplatn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fdvoji; diferencia\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l, mechanismy diferenciace, symetrick\u00e9\/asymetrick\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 d\u011blen\u00ed, dediferenciace a regenerace<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00daLOHA BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c9 SMRTI A SENSCENCE V MORFOGENEZI: <\/strong>p\u0159\u00edklady bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch proces\u016f, kde se apopt\u00f3za pod\u00edl\u00ed na morfogenezi, eliminace bun\u011bk a ukon\u010den\u00ed jejich signalizace, formov\u00e1n\u00ed apiko-baz\u00e1ln\u00ed konstrikce pro produkci z\u00e1hyb\u016f, efekt bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch proces\u016f na okoln\u00ed bu\u0148ky (indukce proliferace a apopt\u00f3zy), molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed mechanizmy zapojen\u00e9 do bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti b\u011bhem v\u00fdvoje, naru\u0161en\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti a asociovan\u00e9 v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 defekty; definice senescence, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed mechanismy zahrnut\u00e9 v kontrole senescence, p\u0159\u00edklady senescence v regulaci morfogeneze, p\u0159\u00edklady v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch poruch spojen\u00fdch s abnormalitami bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 senescence<\/li>\n<li><strong>EPITELIO-MEZENCHYM\u00c1LN\u00cd TRANSFORMACE A EXTRACELUL\u00c1RN\u00cd MATRIX VE V\u00ddVOJI: <\/strong>definice epitelio-mezenchym\u00e1ln\u00ed a mezenchym\u00e1ln\u011b-epiteli\u00e1ln\u00ed transformace, jej\u00ed \u00faloha v gastrulaci a tvorb\u011b mezodermu, EMT p\u0159i formov\u00e1n\u00ed neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161ty, MET b\u011bhem formov\u00e1n\u00ed somit\u016f a vzniku obratl\u016f; komponenty ECM, struktura a funkce proteoglykan\u016f a jejich \u00faloha p\u0159i signalizaci, zapojen\u00ed ECM do jednotliv\u00fdch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch drah, tvorba koncentra\u010dn\u00edho gradientu, funkce glykoprotein\u016f p\u0159i migraci bun\u011bk, funkce integrin\u016f, anoikis, remodelace ECM ve v\u00fdvoji, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 adheze, kadheriny, selektivn\u00ed afinita v&nbsp;bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 adhezi<\/li>\n<li><strong>REGULACE SYMETRIE\/ASYMETRIE A POLARITY BUN\u011aK VE V\u00ddVOJI: <\/strong>asymetrick\u00e1 segregace determinant ve vaj\u00ed\u010dku\/zygot\u011b, plan\u00e1rn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 polarita, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 procesy a principy p\u0159i kolektivn\u00ed migraci, \u201emigrace\u201c \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bun\u011bk, spole\u010dn\u00fd sub-bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1klad ur\u010den\u00ed polarity a migrace; bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 mechanismy p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed k determinaci symetrie\/asymetrie, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed regulace symetrie, modely regulace, p\u0159\u00edklady poruch symetrie a asymetrie (situs ambiguus, situs inversus, ..)<\/li>\n<li><strong>REGULACE VELIKOSTI BUN\u011aK A ORG\u00c1N\u016e VE V\u00ddVOJI A P\u0158\u00cdKLADY JEJICH NEZBYTNOSTI: <\/strong>sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy v regulaci velikosti, regulace tempa r\u016fstu a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady, regulace doby trv\u00e1n\u00ed r\u016fstu, imagin\u00e1ln\u00ed disky octomilky jako model pro studium regulace velikosti<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00daLOHA A REGULACE EPITELOV\u00c9HO V\u011aTVEN\u00cd V MORFOGENEZI: <\/strong>pu\u010den\u00ed, tvorba \u0161t\u011brbin, regulace prodlu\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btv\u00ed a jejich maturace, p\u0159\u00edklady org\u00e1n\u016f s v\u011btven\u00edm epitelov\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edklady poruch regulace v\u011btven\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>VLIV FYZIK\u00c1LN\u00cdCH JEV\u016e NA V\u00ddVOJ: <\/strong>jak a \u010d\u00edm bu\u0148ka vn\u00edm\u00e1 mechanick\u00e9 s\u00edly, \u00faloha kadherin\u016f a integrin\u016f ve vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed mechanick\u00fdch sil, \u00faloha mechanick\u00fdch sil v pr\u016fb\u011bhu specifikace mezodermu, smykov\u00e9 s\u00edly a v\u00fdvoj srdce a chlopn\u00ed, aktino-myosinov\u00fd syst\u00e9m v kontrakci bun\u011bk a indukci mechanick\u00fdch sil<\/li>\n<li><strong>KMENOV\u00c9 BU\u0147KY \u2013 Z\u00c1KLADN\u00cd DEFINICE: <\/strong>definice, identifikace a potenci\u00e1l kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, jak lze identifikovat kmenovou bu\u0148ku?; \u00faloha kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk v regeneraci a homeost\u00e1ze tk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>NIKA KMENOV\u00ddCH BUN\u011aK: <\/strong>jej\u00ed v\u00fdznam, slo\u017een\u00ed, interakce s kmenov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_8033dd-4e > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_8033dd-4e inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u016eVOD KMENOV\u00ddCH BUN\u011aK A JEJICH VYU\u017dIT\u00cd: <\/strong>p\u0159\u00edklady konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch somatick\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk; klinick\u00e9 aplikace, experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed, p\u0159\u00edprava geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch organizm\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>REPROGRAMOV\u00c1N\u00cd BUN\u011aK: <\/strong>princip\/podstata a pr\u016fb\u011bh reprogramov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>RAN\u00dd V\u00ddVOJ U BEZOBRATK\u00ddCH A OBRATLOVC\u016e:<\/strong> oplozen\u00ed, superfici\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00fdhov\u00e1n\u00ed, determinace os t\u011bla, gastrulace, \u010dasov\u00e1 souslednost genov\u00e9 exprese, hlavn\u00ed regul\u00e1tory v\u00fdvoje a p\u0159\u00edklady jejich poruch, homeotick\u00e9 geny<\/li>\n<li><strong>RAN\u00dd V\u00ddVOJ U OBRATLOVC\u016e: <\/strong>morfologie vaj\u00ed\u010dka oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f, pt\u00e1k\u016f a savc\u016f, oplozen\u00ed a r\u00fdhov\u00e1n\u00ed, determinace os t\u011bla, \u201ebottle cells\u201c, Spemannovy experimenty, funkce \u0161ed\u00e9ho srpku, prim\u00e1rn\u00ed embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed indukce, organiz\u00e1tor \u2013 definice a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed regulace, indukce mezodermu a neur\u00e1ln\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b, determinace region\u00e1ln\u00edch rozd\u00edl\u016f&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<li><strong>FORMOV\u00c1N\u00cd EKTODERM\u00c1LN\u00cdCH STRUKTUR: <\/strong>prim\u00e1rn\u00ed a sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed neurulace, regulace a poruchy uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed nervov\u00e9 trubice, determinace bun\u011bk neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161ty, mezidruhov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly p\u0159i delaminaci neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161ty, regionalizace neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161ty a jejich deriv\u00e1t\u016f, migrace bun\u011bk neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161ty, neurokristopatie, evolu\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdznam neur\u00e1ln\u00ed li\u0161ty<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ddVOJ MEZODERMU: <\/strong>vznik mezodermu a jeho regulace, jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti mezodermu a jejich deriv\u00e1ty, somitogeneze, metamerie, oscila\u010dn\u00ed hodiny, separace somit\u016f, poruchy somitogeneze a dysost\u00f3zy, epitelializace somit\u016f, jejich specifikace pod\u00e9l kranio-kaud\u00e1ln\u00ed osy, mezidruhov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly, regulace diferenciace sklerotomu, myotomu a dermatomu<\/li>\n<li><strong>DETERMINACE POHLAV\u00cd: <\/strong>prim\u00e1rn\u00ed a sekund\u00e1rn\u00ed determinace pohlav\u00ed, determinace chromozom\u00e1ln\u00ed, regulace v\u00fdvoje sam\u010d\u00edch a sami\u010d\u00edch gon\u00e1d, interakce mezonefros se z\u00e1klady gon\u00e1d, p\u0159\u00edklady poruch determinace pohlav\u00ed, determinace pohlav\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00edm, teorie bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 proliferace, teorie hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed regulace, p\u0159\u00edklady poruch determinace pohlav\u00ed vlivem prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ddVOJ HLAVY A KRANIOFACI\u00c1LN\u00cdCH STRUKTUR: <\/strong>ran\u00fd v\u00fdvoj obli\u010deje a indukce stomodea, organiza\u010dn\u00ed centra, holoprosencefalie, regulace v\u00fdvoje horn\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch, palatogeneze, roz\u0161t\u011bpy rt\u016f\/patra, odontogeneze, determinace po\u010dtu a pozice zub\u016f, poruchy regulace v\u00fdvoje zub\u016f, tvorba n\u00e1hradn\u00edch zubn\u00edch generac\u00ed a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed mezidruhov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ddVOJ ENTODERMU: <\/strong>determinace entodermu, regionalizace entodermu, farynge\u00e1ln\u00ed oblouky a jejich deriv\u00e1ty, indukce doln\u00edch cest d\u00fdchac\u00edch a jejich v\u00fdvoj, regionalizace tr\u00e1vic\u00ed trubice a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed regulace vzniku jejich deriv\u00e1t\u016f (j\u00e1tra, pankreas)<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ddVOJ A DIGITALIZACE KON\u010cETIN: <\/strong>specifikace kon\u010detinov\u00fdch pol\u00ed, regulace pozice kon\u010detin, indukce kon\u010detinov\u00fdch pupen\u016f, specifikace hrudn\u00ed a p\u00e1nevn\u00ed kon\u010detiny, apik\u00e1ln\u00ed ektoderm\u00e1ln\u00ed h\u0159eben, z\u00f3na polariza\u010dn\u00ed aktivity, specifikace jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kon\u010detiny a identity prst\u016f, digitalizace, regulace vzniku kloub\u016f, klinick\u00e1 relevance a p\u0159\u00edklady poruch<\/li>\n<li><strong>EVOLU\u010cN\u00cd ASPEKTY EMBRYOLOGIE: <\/strong>definice EVO-DEVO, homologick\u00e9 a analogick\u00e9 znaky, homologick\u00e1 signalizace, pleziomorfn\u00ed a apomorfn\u00ed znaky, makroevolu\u010dn\u00ed zm\u011bny \u2013 modularita a molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed parsimonie, heterotopie, heterochronie, heterometrie, heterotypick\u00e9 zm\u011bny<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c1 A TK\u00c1\u0147OV\u00c1 FYZIOLOGIE<br><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi1110 Biologie \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 bu\u0148ky<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi7070 Fyziologie bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f, Bi7575 Biologie kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dopln\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong>: Bi8870 Mechanismy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_828ab4-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_828ab4-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_828ab4-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_828ab4-2c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_828ab4-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_828ab4-2c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_828ab4-2c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_9ed734-f6 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c9 MEMBR\u00c1NY A JEJICH FUNKCE: <\/strong>funkce, stavba a slo\u017een\u00ed biologick\u00fdch membr\u00e1n (membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 mikrodom\u00e9ny, asymetrie lipidov\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny, membr\u00e1nov\u00e9 proteiny, membr\u00e1nov\u00e1 kortex, transport p\u0159es lipidov\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny); vnitrobun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd membr\u00e1nov\u00fd transport, endocyt\u00f3za, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 kompartmentalizace; p\u0159ehled specializovan\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch organel \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 endoplazmatick\u00e9 retikulum, Golgiho apar\u00e1t, lysozomy, peroxiz\u00f3m<\/li>\n<li><strong>CYTOSKELET A JEHO FUNKCE: <\/strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed slo\u017eky cytoskeletu (mikrofilamenta, intermedi\u00e1rn\u00ed filamenta, mikrotubuly) &#8211; jejich struktura, dynamika a funkce; p\u0159\u00edklady protein\u016f asociovan\u00fdch s mikrofilamenty a mikrotubuly a jejich funkce, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed motory \u2013 typy a funkce, centrozom a jeho cyklus, cilia \u2013 prim\u00e1rn\u00ed a pohybliv\u00e1. Pohyb bun\u011bk a p\u0159isp\u011bn\u00ed bun\u011bk k pohybu organismu: pohybliv\u00e1 cilia, mit\u00f3za v\u010d. funkce cytoskeletu v mit\u00f3ze, pohyb bu\u0148ky po substr\u00e1tu \u2013 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mechanismy a \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edc\u00ed se proteiny, svalov\u00fd stah z molekul\u00e1rn\u00edho pohledu \u2013 p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u011b pruhovan\u00fd a hladk\u00fd sval<\/li>\n<li><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c9 J\u00c1DRO:<\/strong> p\u0159ehled struktury bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra a chromatinu; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy regulace genov\u00e9 exprese, komunikace mezi slo\u017ekami bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra a cytoplazmou \u2013 struktura a transport jadern\u00fdm p\u00f3rem; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed subjadern\u00e9 struktury \u2013 jad\u00e9rko a jeho funkce, synt\u00e9za riboz\u00f3m\u016f; variabilita bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho j\u00e1dra v \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch<\/li>\n<li><strong>KONTAKTY BU\u0147KY S OKOL\u00cdM:<\/strong> spoje bu\u0148ka-bu\u0148ka, kadheriny, epiteli\u00e1ln\u011b mesenchym\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159echod, adherentn\u00ed spoje, desmozomy, t\u011bsn\u00e9 spoje, mezerov\u00e9 spoje, p\u0159echodn\u00e9 mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 spoje, mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e1 hmota \u2013 slo\u017een\u00ed a organizace, spojen\u00ed bu\u0148ka \u2013 matrix, integriny \u2013 struktura, aktivace, funkce<\/li>\n<li><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00dd METABOLISMUS: <\/strong>principy energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu; mitochondrie \u2013 jejich stavba, funkce a \u00faloha v metabolismu; adaptace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho metabolismu, metabolismus proliferuj\u00edc\u00edch a n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy kontroluj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fd metabolismus;<\/li>\n<li><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c1 SIGNALIZACE: <\/strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy sign\u00e1ln\u00ed transdukce: z\u00e1kladn\u00ed d\u011blen\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 signalizace, pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed zp\u011btn\u00e1 vazba v\u010d. p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f, hlavn\u00ed biochemick\u00e9 mechanismy (fosforylace a v\u00fdm\u011bna GTP\/GDP) a jejich regulace, p\u0159ehled z\u00e1kladn\u00edch typ\u016f membr\u00e1nov\u00fdch receptor\u016f; druh\u00fd posel \u2013 principy a hlavn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady; v\u00e1pn\u00edkov\u00e1 signalizace, mal\u00e9 GTP\u00e1zy<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u00ddZNAMN\u00c9 SIGN\u00c1LN\u00cd DR\u00c1HY: <\/strong>sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pro regulaci fyziologick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed a imunitn\u00ed odpov\u011bdi \u2013 receptory sp\u0159a\u017een\u00e9 s trimerick\u00fdmi G proteiny, receptorov\u00e9 tyrosin kin\u00e1zy, signalizace cytokin\u016f (JAK\/STAT, NFkB, receptory reguluj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dnou smrt)<\/li>\n<li><strong>REGULACE BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00ddCH SYST\u00c9M\u016e:<\/strong> hlavn\u00ed sign\u00e1ln\u00ed kask\u00e1dy uplat\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se v homeost\u00e1ze a regeneraci tk\u00e1n\u00ed (Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, BMP\/TGF signalizace) a p\u0159\u00edklady jimi regulovan\u00fdch proces\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>REGULACE BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00ddCH SYST\u00c9M\u016e VN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cdMI VLIVY: <\/strong>odpov\u011b\u010f bun\u011bk na hypoxii, role VEGF, angiogeneze, detekce mechanick\u00fdch vliv\u016f (mechanosenzory, Hippo \u2013 Yap\/Taz)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_e51fc6-91 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00dd CYKLUS A REGULACE BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c9 PROLIFERACE:<\/strong> z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu; f\u00e1ze bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu; cykliny a cyklin-dependentn\u00ed kin\u00e1zy a jejich inhibitory; Rb protein; protein p53; restrik\u010dn\u00ed a kontroln\u00ed body; pozitivn\u00ed a negativn\u00ed regul\u00e1tory bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu \u2013 vnit\u0159n\u00ed, vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, d\u016fsledky deregulace<\/li>\n<li><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c1 SMRT A JEJ\u00cd FORMY: <\/strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy programovan\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti na \u00farovni bu\u0148ky a tk\u00e1n\u011b, formy \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 a ne\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti, vnit\u0159n\u00ed a vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed dr\u00e1ha apopt\u00f3zy, mechanismy aktivace a inhibice bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti; kasp\u00e1zy a substr\u00e1ty kasp\u00e1z; d\u016fsledky deregulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti;<\/li>\n<li><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c1 DIFERENCIACE:<\/strong> obecn\u00e9 principy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 diferenciace \u2013 progenitorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky vs. diferencovan\u00e9 bu\u0148ky; p\u0159\u00edklady termin\u00e1ln\u011b diferencovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 neutrofil, svalov\u00e1 bu\u0148ka, neuron; dediferenciace v&nbsp;regeneraci tk\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 nap\u0159. hepatocyt<\/li>\n<li><strong>KMENOV\u00c9 BU\u0147KY A HIERARCHICK\u00c1 ORGANIZACE TK\u00c1N\u00cd:<\/strong> definice kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky \u2013 definice, p\u0159\u00edprava, vyu\u017eit\u00ed; indukovan\u00e9 pluripotentn\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, nika kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk;<\/li>\n<li><strong>ST\u0158EVN\u00cd EPITEL:<\/strong> jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad rychle se obnovuj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 populace, homeost\u00e1za st\u0159evn\u00ed krypty; pomalu a rychle se obnovuj\u00edc\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 populace, organoidy, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy regenerace tk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>PROSTATA A PRSN\u00cd EPITEL JAKO P\u0158\u00cdKLADY ENDOKRINN\u011a REGULOVAN\u00ddCH TK\u00c1N\u00cd:<\/strong> funkce, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 architektura, zm\u011bny prsn\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy spojen\u00e9 s v\u011bkem, liniov\u00e1 hierarchie, endokrinn\u00ed regulace\/signalizace<\/li>\n<li><strong>K\u016e\u017dE, JEJ\u00cd OBNOVA A REGENERACE:<\/strong> funkce, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e1 architektura, ko\u017en\u00ed \u017el\u00e1zy, hojen\u00ed r\u00e1ny a regenerace k\u016f\u017ee<\/li>\n<li><strong>KRVETVORBA:<\/strong> syst\u00e9m krevn\u00edch bun\u011bk a krvetvorn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny; funkce krve, principy diferenciace krevn\u00edch bun\u011bk, hematopoetick\u00e1 kmenov\u00e1 bu\u0148ka a jej\u00ed nika, cytokiny a sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy reguluj\u00edc\u00ed hematopo\u00e9zu<\/li>\n<li><strong>J\u00c1TRA A SLINIVKA: <\/strong>v\u00fdvoj a architektura jater, jatern\u00ed lal\u016f\u010dek a jeho stavba, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 typy jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b, j\u00e1tra jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad tk\u00e1n\u011b regeneruj\u00edc\u00ed z diferencovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk, jatern\u00ed zonace, metabolismus, stavba slinivky, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 typy a jejich funkce<\/li>\n<li><strong>PL\u00cdCE A D\u00ddCHAC\u00cd CESTY:<\/strong> stavba d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a plic; principy v\u00fdvoje d\u00fdchac\u00edho apar\u00e1tu (savc\u016f); typy epiteli\u00e1ln\u00edch bun\u011bk v d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest\u00e1ch a plicn\u00edch skl\u00edpc\u00edch; regenerace d\u00fdchac\u00edho epitelu<\/li>\n<li><strong>HOMEOST\u00c1ZA, ZDRAV\u00cd, NEMOC:<\/strong> organismus jako hierarchick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, spolup\u016fsoben\u00ed nervov\u00e9 a endokrinn\u00ed soustavy \u2013 p\u0159\u00edklady ovlivn\u011bn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch populac\u00ed, intermedi\u00e1rn\u00ed metabolismus a jeho jednotliv\u00e9 slo\u017eky \u2013 jejich \u00faloha v regulaci bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch populac\u00ed, stres<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>PATOBIOLOGIE &#8211; PATOFYZIOLOGIE TK\u00c1N\u00cd A ORG\u00c1N\u016e<br><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi8200 Mikroskopick\u00e1 anatomie obratlovc\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi1120 Fyziologie a patofyziologie tk\u00e1n\u00ed a org\u00e1n\u016f, Bi8110 Mechanismy karcinogeneze<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_ed4c5f-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_ed4c5f-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_ed4c5f-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_ed4c5f-54 > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_ed4c5f-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_ed4c5f-54 > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_ed4c5f-54 alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_7de3d3-43 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Z\u00c1KLADN\u00cd PATOLOGICK\u00c9 POJMY A PATOFYZIOLOGIE BU\u0147KY:<\/strong> symptom vs. syndrom, progrese, progn\u00f3za, p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny vzniku chorob, st\u00e1dia bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi na stres, mechanizmy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed (reverzibiln\u00ed, ireverzibiln\u00ed), alterace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 morfologie a funkce za patologick\u00fdch stav\u016f (atrofie, hypertrofie, hyperplazie, dysplazie, metaplazie) a jejich p\u0159\u00edklady v r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech tk\u00e1n\u00edch, typy nekr\u00f3z a jejich p\u0159\u00edklady, odpov\u011b\u010f bu\u0148ky na po\u0161kozen\u00ed (mitochondrie, membr\u00e1ny, j\u00e1dro,..), akumulace metabolit\u016f (intra a extracelul\u00e1rn\u00ed)<\/li>\n<li><strong>SKELET\u00c1LN\u00cd A SVALOV\u00dd SYST\u00c9M:<\/strong> struktura a typy kostn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, skeletogeneze, p\u0159\u00edklady v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch defekt\u016f postihuj\u00edc\u00edch skelet, regulace r\u016fstu a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny poruch r\u016fstu (proporcion\u00e1ln\u00ed a disproporcion\u00e1ln\u00ed), remodelace kostn\u00edch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, fraktura kosti a st\u00e1dia hojen\u00ed zlomenin, metabolick\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed kost\u00ed (osteopor\u00f3za, osteomalacie, osteopetr\u00f3za), z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed kost\u00ed (osteomyelitida, artritidy, osteoartr\u00f3za); struktura a funkce jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f svalov\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed, fyziologie svalov\u00e9ho stahu u p\u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u011b pruhovan\u00e9 kostern\u00ed a hladk\u00e9 svaloviny, odpov\u011b\u010f svalu na podr\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, rigor mortis, myogeneze a p\u0159\u00edklady v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch poruch, regulace a funkce nervosvalov\u00e9 plot\u00e9nky, myasthenia gravis, funkce a p\u0159\u00edklady po\u0161kozen\u00ed svalov\u00e9ho v\u0159et\u00e9nka, svalov\u00fd tonus a turgor a jejich zm\u011bny, p\u0159\u00edklady odpov\u011bd\u00ed svalu na po\u0161kozen\u00ed (atrofie, hypertrofie, nekr\u00f3za), klasifikace svalov\u00fdch dystrofi\u00ed, myopatie, crush syndrom, tetanus<\/li>\n<li><strong>KARDIOVASKUL\u00c1RN\u00cd SYST\u00c9M:<\/strong> mikroskopick\u00e1 stavba c\u00e9v, funkce endotelu, patologick\u00e9 zm\u011bny c\u00e9v, vasculitis, aneurysma, ruptury arteri\u00ed, arterioskler\u00f3za a ateroskler\u00f3za, poruchy \u017eiln\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b, hypertenze, v\u00fdvoj c\u00e9vn\u00edho \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011b a souvisej\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 poruchy; struktura a funkce srde\u010dn\u00ed svaloviny, kontrakce myokardu a poruchy srde\u010dn\u00edho rytmu, morfologie a funkce interkal\u00e1rn\u00edho disku, v\u00fdvoj srdce a srde\u010dn\u00ed kongenit\u00e1ln\u00ed vady, adaptace srde\u010dn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b na z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, kardiomyopatie, myokarditis, ischemick\u00e1 choroba srde\u010dn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>GASTROINTESTIN\u00c1LN\u00cd SYST\u00c9M I \u2013 \u00daSTN\u00cd DUTINA:<\/strong> stavba a funkce struktur \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny (patro, jazyk, slinn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, zuby), patologie sliznice \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny (regresivn\u00ed zm\u011bny, poruchy cirkulace, stomatitis), v\u00fdvoj \u00fastn\u00ed dutiny a farynge\u00e1ln\u00edch oblouk\u016f v\u010detn\u011b vzniku souvisej\u00edc\u00edch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch poruch (cheilopalatoschisis, brachygnathia, Edwards\u016fv syndrom, aglossia, ankyloglossia, oligodontia), chu\u0165ov\u00fd poh\u00e1rek a vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed chuti, mal\u00e9 a velk\u00e9 slinn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy, st\u00e1dia sekrece slin a jejich regulace, poruchy tvorby slin (ptyalismus, xerostomie, sialoliti\u00e1za), z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed (sialoadenitida, pulpitis, periodontitis), karies<\/li>\n<li><strong>GASTROINTESTIN\u00c1LN\u00cd SYST\u00c9M II \u2013 J\u00cdCEN, \u017dALUDEK, ST\u0158EVO:<\/strong> funkce GIT, principy motility GIT, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010dinnosti GIT; struktura a funkce j\u00edcnu, v\u00fdvoj j\u00edcnu a jeho vrozen\u00e9 vady (ageneze, atr\u00e9zie, sten\u00f3za, duplikace), polyk\u00e1n\u00ed (f\u00e1ze, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed), patologie j\u00edcnu (poruchy polyk\u00e1n\u00ed, divertikulitida, obstrukce, Barrett\u016fv j\u00edcen, hi\u00e1tov\u00e1 hernie, j\u00edcnov\u00e9 varixy); struktura a funkce \u017ealudku (typy bun\u011bk), v\u00fdvoj \u017ealudku a jeho vrozen\u00e9 vady (atr\u00e9zie, hypoplazie svaloviny, divertikly, vrozen\u00e1 dislokace), \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed peristaltiky a vyprazd\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017ealudku, zvracen\u00ed, produkce \u017ealude\u010dn\u00edch \u0161\u0165\u00e1v, poruchy obnovy a diferenciace epitelov\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u017ealudku, gastritida, ulcerace; struktura a funkce st\u0159eva (typy bun\u011bk), v\u00fdvoj st\u0159eva a jeho vrozen\u00e9 vady (atr\u00e9zie, diverticulum Meckeli, pupe\u010dn\u00ed hernie, situs inversus, rekt\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161t\u011ble), regulace vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin, poruchy regulace obnovy st\u0159evn\u00ed v\u00fdstelky, poruchy tr\u00e1ven\u00ed a vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravy (maldigesce, malabsorpce, Crohnova choroba, celiakie, diarea, obstipace, ulcer\u00f3zn\u00ed kolitida, divertikly)<\/li>\n<li><strong>GASTROINTESTIN\u00c1LN\u00cd SYST\u00c9M III &#8211; J\u00c1TRA A \u017dLU\u010cN\u00cdK, PANKREAS:<\/strong>&nbsp;struktura a funkce jater, jatern\u00ed lal\u016f\u010dek jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed organiza\u010dn\u00ed jednotka jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b; jatern\u00ed zonace; vznik a v\u00fdvoj jater v embryon\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdvoji vs. regenerace a udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed jatern\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b v dosp\u011blosti; z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy patologi\u00ed \u2013 steat\u00f3za, cirh\u00f3za a fibr\u00f3za jater \u2013 molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 zm\u011bny doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed tato onemocn\u011bn\u00ed; p\u0159\u00edklady genetick\u00fdch poruch jatern\u00edch funkc\u00ed; \u017elu\u010dn\u00edk a jeho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed; struktura a funkce pankreatu; poruchy sekre\u010dn\u00edch funkc\u00ed pankreatu, diabetes, komplikace diabetu, sepse, \u0161ok, multiorg\u00e1nov\u00e9 selh\u00e1n\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>D\u00ddCHAC\u00cd SYST\u00c9M \u2013 PR\u016eDU\u0160KY A PLICN\u00cd TK\u00c1\u0147:<\/strong> struktura a funkce d\u00fdchac\u00edch cest a plic; p\u0159ehled z\u00e1kladn\u00edch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch typ\u016f d\u00fdchac\u00edho syst\u00e9mu \u2013 d\u00fdchac\u00ed cesty vs. pl\u00edce; mo\u017enosti trval\u00e9ho po\u0161kozen\u00ed a regenerace plicn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b; obstruk\u010dn\u00ed a restrik\u010dn\u00ed poruchy respirace \u2013 chronick\u00e1 obstruk\u010dn\u00ed plicn\u00ed nemoc, chronick\u00e1 bronchitida, emfyz\u00e9m, apod., cystick\u00e1 fibr\u00f3za; vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed faktory ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed poruchy a \u010dinnost plic, pneumotorax<\/li>\n<li><strong>VYLU\u010cOVAC\u00cd SYST\u00c9M:<\/strong> struktura a funkce ledviny a v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest mo\u010dov\u00fdch, filtrace prim\u00e1rn\u00ed mo\u010di a jej\u00ed regulace v&nbsp;jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech nefronu, \u00faloha podocyt\u016f a mesangiocyt\u016f, v\u00fdvoj ledviny a v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest mo\u010dov\u00fdch a s&nbsp;nimi souvisej\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 defekty (dystopick\u00e1 a podkovovit\u00e1 ledviny, oligomeganefronie, aplazie, hypoplazie a dysplazie ledviny, renkulizace, defekty ureteru a mo\u010dov\u00e9ho m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159e), ren\u00e1ln\u00ed cysty a p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny jejich vzniku, poruchy tvorby a vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u010di, selh\u00e1n\u00ed ledvin, ren\u00e1ln\u00ed nedostate\u010dnost, poruchy cirkulace krve, patologick\u00e9 l\u00e9ze glomerul\u016f a tubul\u016f, tubulointerstici\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ze (pyelonefritidy, interstici\u00e1ln\u00ed nefritidy), nemoci v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest mo\u010dov\u00fdch (poruchy cirkulace krve, z\u00e1n\u011bty mo\u010dov\u00fdch cest &#8211; ureteritis, urocystitis, urethritis), uroliti\u00e1za<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_138a9f-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_138a9f-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_138a9f-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_138a9f-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_138a9f-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_138a9f-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_138a9f-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_138a9f-76{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_138a9f-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_138a9f-76 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_138a9f-76 inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>REPRODUK\u010cN\u00cd SYST\u00c9M:<\/strong> stavba a funkce varlete a v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest sam\u010d\u00edho pohlavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, \u00faloha Sertoliho a Leydigov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, hematotestikul\u00e1rn\u00ed bari\u00e9ra, regulace spermiogeneze a pohybu spermi\u00ed a negativn\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 je ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed, v\u00fdvoj indiferentn\u00edch gon\u00e1d a \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed diferenciace sam\u010d\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, descensus testium a jeho regulace, v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 anom\u00e1lie sam\u010d\u00edho pohlavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu (kryptorchismus, ageneze a f\u00faze varlat, ektopie varlat, polyorchidie, cystick\u00e9 rete testis, testikul\u00e1rn\u00ed hypoplazie), patologie varlat (degenerace varlat, atrofie, kalcifikace, poruchy cirkulace krve, isch\u00e9mie, krv\u00e1ceniny, trombotizace, orchitis), struktura a funkce p\u0159\u00eddatn\u00fdch pohlavn\u00edch \u017el\u00e1z (glandula vesicularis, glandula bulbourethralis, prostata), patologie \u017el\u00e1z (hyperplazie a hypertrofie, cysty, z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed); stavba a funkce vaje\u010dn\u00edku a v\u00fdvodn\u00fdch cest sami\u010d\u00edho pohlavn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, regulace folikulogeneze a oogeneze, \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed diferenciace sami\u010d\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f, v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 defekty (ageneze vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, nadpo\u010detn\u00e9 vaje\u010dn\u00edky, hypoplazie vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f, defekty deriv\u00e1t\u016f Mullerov\u00fdch v\u00fdvod\u016f), atr\u00e9zie folikul\u016f, folikul\u00e1rn\u00ed cysty, patologie vejcovodu (salpingitis, nepr\u016fchodnost vejcovod\u016f) a d\u011blohy (dystopie d\u011blohy, hyperplazie endometria, endometritida, pyometra)<\/li>\n<li><strong>NERVOV\u00dd SYST\u00c9M:<\/strong> stavba a funkce centr\u00e1ln\u00edho a perifern\u00edho nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, typy a funkce bun\u011bk nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed bolesti (centr\u00e1ln\u00ed a perifern\u00ed bolest), baz\u00e1ln\u00ed ganglia a jejich poruchy, v\u00fdvoj nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu (neurulace, regionalizace mozku) a p\u0159\u00edklady vrozen\u00fdch v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch vad (spina bifida, meningok\u00e9la, meningoencefalok\u00e9la, anencefalus), sclerosis multiplex, dysestezie a parest\u00e9zie nervov\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken, isch\u00e9mie mozku, hematom, subarachnoid\u00e1ln\u00ed krv\u00e1cen\u00ed, intrakrani\u00e1ln\u00ed tlak, hydrocefalus a ed\u00e9m<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00c1KLADN\u00cd PRINCIPY A ZNAKY KARCINOGENEZE:<\/strong> mutace a genetick\u00e1 nestabilita, deregulace sign\u00e1ln\u00edch drah reguluj\u00edc\u00edch proliferaci a r\u016fst, neomezen\u00e1 replikace, odolnost k bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti, neoangiogeneze, invaze a metast\u00e1zov\u00e1n\u00ed, z\u00e1n\u011bt, p\u0159estavba energetick\u00e9ho metabolismu, klasifikace n\u00e1dor\u016f (dle p\u016fvodu\/typu tk\u00e1n\u011b, systematika, rozd\u011blen\u00ed, vysv\u011btlen\u00ed, benign\u00ed\/malign\u00ed); sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hy a jejich deregulace v&nbsp;pr\u016fb\u011bhu karcinogeneze (Wnt, Hedgehog, Notch, syst\u00e9my receptorov\u00fdch tyrozinkin\u00e1z, BMP\/TGF-beta signalizace)<\/li>\n<li><strong>INVAZE, METAST\u00c1ZOV\u00c1N\u00cd: <\/strong>vznik metast\u00e1z, n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 cirkuluj\u00edc\u00ed bu\u0148ky, plasticita n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, definice n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch kmenov\u00fdch, jejich \u00faloha v rozvoji n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, heterogenit\u011b n\u00e1dor\u016f a rezistenci v\u016f\u010di terapii<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00c1N\u011aT, N\u00c1DOROV\u00c9 MIKROPROST\u0158ED\u00cd A NEOANGIOGENEZE:<\/strong> chronick\u00fd z\u00e1n\u011bt, rakovina jako nikdy nezhojen\u00e1 r\u00e1na, cytokiny, role mezibun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 komunikace, n\u00e1dory krve a pankreatu jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad<\/li>\n<li><strong>MODELOV\u00c9 P\u0158\u00cdKLADY N\u00c1DOROV\u00ddCH ONEMOCN\u011aN\u00cd:<\/strong> n\u00e1dory prostaty a prsu &#8211; molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed charakteristika, hormon\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1vislost, diagnostika, l\u00e9\u010dba, progn\u00f3za, n\u00e1dory kolonu a rekta (CRC) &#8211; genetick\u00e9 a epigenetick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady vzniku n\u00e1doru, molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed charakteristika, deregulace kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch sign\u00e1ln\u00edch drah u CRC, klasifikace, v\u00fdvoj a l\u00e9\u010dba CRC<\/li>\n<li><strong>MUTACE A GENETICK\u00c1 NESTABILITA:<\/strong> z\u00e1kladn\u00ed definice, protoonkogeny a onkogeny, n\u00e1dorov\u011b supresorov\u00e9 geny, mutace &#8211; definice, typy, p\u0159\u00edklady, mutace u n\u00e1dor\u016f, integrita genomu, imortalizace bun\u011bk (telomery, telomer\u00e1za) a jej\u00ed d\u016fsledky<\/li>\n<li><strong>BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00dd CYKLUS A BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c1 SMRT U N\u00c1DORU:<\/strong> defekty na r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00edch regulace bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu ve vztahu k v\u00fdvoji n\u00e1dorov\u00e9ho onemocn\u011bn\u00ed a jeho l\u00e9\u010db\u011b, deregulace sign\u00e1ln\u00edch drah bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti u n\u00e1dor\u016f, konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklady, interakce t\u011bchto drah, d\u016fsledky a vyu\u017eit\u00ed v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b n\u00e1dor\u016f, k\u016f\u017ee jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad<\/li>\n<li><strong>EPIGENETIKA A N\u00c1DORY:<\/strong> z\u00e1kladn\u00ed epigenetick\u00e9 mechanismy &#8211; metylace DNA, metylace a acetylace histon\u016f, microRNA, epigenom, epigenetick\u00e9 zm\u011bny u n\u00e1dor\u016f a jejich d\u016fsledky, epigenetika ve v\u00fdvoji a terapii n\u00e1dor\u016f, modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad &#8211; n\u00e1dory plic a epigenetika<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u0158ESTAVBA ENERGETICK\u00c9HO METABOLISMU N\u00c1DORU:<\/strong> metabolismus n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky \u2013 hlavn\u00ed metabolick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s norm\u00e1ln\u00edmi bu\u0148kami, metabolismus versus diagnostika a l\u00e9\u010dba n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, onkogenn\u00ed sign\u00e1ly versus metabolismus, hypoxie, metabolismus versus z\u00e1kladn\u00ed bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 procesy v&nbsp;n\u00e1doru, j\u00e1tra jako modelov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad<\/li>\n<li><strong>VN\u011aJ\u0160\u00cd FAKTORY OVLIV\u0147UJ\u00cdC\u00cd VZNIK A ROZVOJ N\u00c1DOR\u016e: <\/strong>\u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed a \u017eivotn\u00ed styl, v\u00fd\u017eiva \u2013 slo\u017eky potravy, lipidov\u00e9 slo\u017eky v\u00fd\u017eivy, \u00faloha lipid\u016f a zm\u011bny lipidov\u00e9ho metabolismu v karcinogenezi, vysoce nenasycen\u00e9 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny (VNMK) a n\u00e1dorov\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed: molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed mechanismy p\u016fsoben\u00ed VNMK, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny, metabolismus VNMK \u2013 eikosanoidy, NSAIDs, oxidativn\u00ed metabolismus, praktick\u00e9 aspekty \u2013 prevence, klinick\u00e9 aspekty<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00c1KLADN\u00cd PRINCIPY DIAGNOSTIKY A PROTIN\u00c1DOROV\u00c9 L\u00c9\u010cBY: <\/strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed modely pro testov\u00e1n\u00ed odpov\u011bdi n\u00e1doru na l\u00e9\u010dbu \u2013 jejich charakteristika a srovn\u00e1n\u00ed, sou\u010dasn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti terapie n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mechanismy p\u016fsoben\u00ed protin\u00e1dorov\u00fdch l\u00e9\u010div, prediktivn\u00ed markery<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5><strong>METODY V\u00ddVOJOV\u00c9 BIOLOGIE<br><\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>P\u0159edpoklad<\/strong>: Bi5599 Metody aplikovan\u00e9 biochemie a bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 biologie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1klad<\/strong>: Bi9393 Analytick\u00e1 cytometrie, Bi7665 Bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 a tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 kultury, Bi1130 Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed embryologie<\/li>\n<li><strong>Okruhy<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style>.kb-row-layout-id825_f6ff84-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{align-content:start;}:where(.kb-row-layout-id825_f6ff84-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap) > .wp-block-kadence-column{justify-content:start;}.kb-row-layout-id825_f6ff84-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);padding-top:0px;grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}.kb-row-layout-id825_f6ff84-8c > .kt-row-layout-overlay{opacity:0.30;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kb-row-layout-id825_f6ff84-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kb-row-layout-id825_f6ff84-8c > .kt-row-column-wrap{grid-template-columns:minmax(0, 1fr);}}<\/style><div class=\"kb-row-layout-wrap kb-row-layout-id825_f6ff84-8c alignnone wp-block-kadence-rowlayout\"><div class=\"kt-row-column-wrap kt-has-2-columns kt-row-layout-equal kt-tab-layout-inherit kt-mobile-layout-row kt-row-valign-top\">\n<style>.kadence-column825_55476d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.kadence-column825_55476d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col,.kadence-column825_55476d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{border-top-left-radius:0px;border-top-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-right-radius:0px;border-bottom-left-radius:0px;}.kadence-column825_55476d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-sm, 1rem);}.kadence-column825_55476d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;}.kadence-column825_55476d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col > .aligncenter{width:100%;}.kadence-column825_55476d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col:before{opacity:0.3;}.kadence-column825_55476d-24{position:relative;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kadence-column825_55476d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kadence-column825_55476d-24 > .kt-inside-inner-col{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;}}<\/style>\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_55476d-24 inner-column-1\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Z\u00c1KLADN\u00cd PRINCIPY PR\u016eTOKOV\u00c9 CYTOMETRIE A SORTROV\u00c1N\u00cd:<\/strong> fluorescence a fluorochromy, zdroje excitace, optick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a zp\u016fsoby detekce fluorescence, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a kompenzace sign\u00e1lu, vizualizace a anal\u00fdza dat, hmotnostn\u00ed cytometrie, multispektr\u00e1ln\u00ed cytometrie<\/li>\n<li><strong>APLIKACE PR\u016eTOKOV\u00c9 CYTOMETRIE V KLINICK\u00c9 BIOLOGII:<\/strong> konjugovan\u00e9 protil\u00e1tky, imunofenotypizace, multibarevn\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, funk\u010dn\u00ed anal\u00fdza imunitn\u00edch bun\u011bk<\/li>\n<li><strong>ANAL\u00ddZA BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c9HO CYKLU:<\/strong> DNA histogram, anal\u00fdza synt\u00e9zy DNA \u2013 r\u016fzn\u00e9 principy, multiparametrick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, Fucci syst\u00e9m<\/li>\n<li><strong>ANAL\u00ddZA VIT\u00c1LN\u00cdCH BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00ddCH FUNKC\u00cd POMOC\u00cd PR\u016eTOKOV\u00c9 CYTOMETRIE:<\/strong> viabilita, anal\u00fdza pH, v\u00e1pn\u00edkov\u00fdch iont\u016f, reaktivn\u00edch kysl\u00edkov\u00fdch skupin<\/li>\n<li><strong>APLIKACE FLUORESCEN\u010cN\u00cdCH PROTEIN\u016e V ANALYTICK\u00c9 CYTOMETRII:<\/strong> z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy aplikace fluorescen\u010dn\u00edch protein\u016f v&nbsp;biologii, sensory pro anal\u00fdzu bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho cyklu, sensory pro detekci bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>METODY DETEKCE BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c9 SMRTI POMOC\u00cd ANALYTICK\u00c9 CYTOMETRIE: <\/strong>z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a mechanismy bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 smrti, detekce na \u00farovni zm\u011bn bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny, detekce aktivity kasp\u00e1z, detekce zm\u011bn DNA, detekce zm\u011bn funkce mitochondri\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>PRINCIPY DIGIT\u00c1LN\u00cd MIKROSKOPIE: <\/strong>fluorescen\u010dn\u00ed mikroskopie, konfok\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie, &#8220;temporally-resolved\u201d digit\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie, \u201ctime\/frequency-resolved\u201d digit\u00e1ln\u00ed mikroskopie<\/li>\n<li><strong>KLINICK\u00c9 A BIOLOGICK\u00c9 APLIKACE DIGIT\u00c1LN\u00cd MIKROSKOPIE:<\/strong> chromoz\u00f3mov\u00e1 a genov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza, anal\u00fdza bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch slo\u017eek a metabolismu (pH, ionty), aplikace FRET a FRAP, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy a p\u0159\u00edklady anal\u00fdzy obrazu<\/li>\n<li><strong>PRINCIPY EXPERIMENT\u00c1LN\u00cd PR\u00c1CE:<\/strong> z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy studi\u00ed, experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed design, hypot\u00e9za<\/li>\n<li><strong>MODELOV\u00c9 ORGANIZMY VE V\u00ddVOJOV\u00c9 BIOLOGII:<\/strong> <em>Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Danio rerio, Ambystoma mexicanum, Xenopus laevis, Anolis carolinensis, Alligator mississippiensis, Gallus gallus, Mus musculus, Sus scrofa <\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<style>.kadence-column825_7b00ce-7e > 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class=\"wp-block-kadence-column kadence-column825_7b00ce-7e inner-column-2\"><div class=\"kt-inside-inner-col\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>METODY PR\u00c1CE S DNA A RNA, ANAL\u00ddZY GENOV\u00c9 EXPRESE VYU\u017d\u00cdVAN\u00c9 VE V\u00ddVOJOV\u00c9 BIOLOGII: <\/strong>princip izolace DNA a RNA, genotypizace, PCR, genov\u00e1 array, DNA a RNA sekvenace, single cell sequencing, <em>in situ<\/em> hybridizace, prostorov\u00e1 transkriptomika\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>METODY ANAL\u00ddZY PROTEIN\u016e VYU\u017d\u00cdVAN\u00c9 VE V\u00ddVOJOV\u00c9 BIOLOGII:<\/strong> anal\u00fdza protein\u016f separa\u010dn\u00ed techniky, Western blotting, proteinov\u00e9 interakce, modifikace protein\u016f, lokalizace protein\u016f, proteomika, manipulace exprese protein\u016f<\/li>\n<li><strong>ANAL\u00ddZA LIPID\u016e A SACHARID\u016e:<\/strong> separace lipid\u016f a sacharidov\u00fdch struktur, identifikace, HPLC techniky a modifikace, hmotnostn\u00ed spektrometrie<\/li>\n<li><strong>STUDIUM \u00daLOHY GEN\u016e: \u201eGAIN-OF-FUNCTION\u201c P\u0158\u00cdSTUPY:<\/strong> editace genomu s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm CRISPR\/Cas9 technologie, \u201eanimal cap assay\u201c, injekce morfogen\u016f nebo nukleov\u00fdch kyselin\u00a0 \u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>STUDIUM \u00daLOHY GEN\u016e &#8211; \u201eLOSS-OF-FUNCTION\u201c P\u0158\u00cdSTUPY: <\/strong>editace genomu s\u00a0vyu\u017eit\u00edm CRISPR\/Cas9 technologie, RNA interference, morpholiny, farmakologick\u00e9 inhibice<\/li>\n<li><strong>ANAL\u00ddZY BUN\u011a\u010cN\u00c9 MIGRACE A SLEDOV\u00c1N\u00cd OSUDU BUN\u011aK:<\/strong> live-imaging, IVF, transgenn\u00ed modely (GFP, confetti, Lac-Z reporter), DiI<\/li>\n<li><strong>VYU\u017dIT\u00cd TK\u00c1\u0147OV\u00ddCH KULTUR 1:<\/strong> z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159edpoklady pro provozov\u00e1n\u00ed tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch kultur, principy metod a p\u0159\u00edklady jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i studiu z\u00e1kladn\u00ed v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch proces\u016f (proliferace, diferenciace, apopt\u00f3za, migrace,..).<\/li>\n<li><strong>VYU\u017dIT\u00cd TK\u00c1\u0147OV\u00ddCH KULTUR 2:<\/strong> principy metod a p\u0159\u00edklady jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i studiu komunikace mezi bu\u0148kami, tk\u00e1n\u011bmi, org\u00e1ny (cytokiny a r\u016fstov\u00e9 faktory, mal\u00e9 molekuly a metabolity,..), metody studia p\u0159\u00ed\u010din poruch fyziologick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed (chyby v\u00a0metabolismu, transportu l\u00e1tek, p\u0159enosu vzruchu, aktivity iontov\u00fdch kan\u00e1l\u016f, bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 adheze, kontrakce, fagocyt\u00f3zy, atd\u2026)<\/li>\n<li><strong>CHIM\u00c9RY:<\/strong> definice, p\u0159\u00edklady vyu\u017eit\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu v\u00fdvojov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek, v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed<\/li>\n<li><strong>3D kultury: <\/strong>definice, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed typy a charakterizace 3D kultur, procesy p\u0159\u00edpravy organoid\u016f a sf\u00e9roid\u016f, kultiva\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed organoid\u016f, charakterizace organoid\u016f, p\u0159\u00edklady vyu\u017eit\u00ed organoid\u016f v baz\u00e1ln\u00edm a klinick\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu, v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokyny ke st\u00e1tn\u00ed magistersk\u00e9 zkou\u0161ce: P\u0159ed zkou\u0161kou si vylosujete jeden z okruh\u016f prvn\u00edho st\u00e1tnicov\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu Va\u0161\u00ed specializace (tj. Srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed fyziologie nebo V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 a srovn\u00e1vac\u00ed imunologie nebo V\u00fdvojov\u00e1 biologie). \u010clenov\u00e9 komise V\u00e1m k n\u011bmu zadaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed okruhy z navazuj\u00edc\u00edch 3 p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/ueb1.sci.muni.cz\/ofiz\/vyuka\/informace-pro-studenty\/magisterske-studium\/statni-zaverecna-zkouska-mgr\/\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":739,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"kt_blocks_editor_width":"","_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-825","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.1.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Okruhy ot\u00e1zek k magistersk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed zkou\u0161ce - Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ueb1.sci.muni.cz\/ofiz\/vyuka\/informace-pro-studenty\/magisterske-studium\/statni-zaverecna-zkouska-mgr\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Okruhy ot\u00e1zek k magistersk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed zkou\u0161ce - Department of Animal Physiology and Immunology\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Pokyny ke st\u00e1tn\u00ed magistersk\u00e9 zkou\u0161ce: P\u0159ed zkou\u0161kou si vylosujete jeden z okruh\u016f prvn\u00edho st\u00e1tnicov\u00e9ho p\u0159edm\u011btu Va\u0161\u00ed specializace (tj. 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